Protein degradation in eukaryotes usually requires multiubiquitylation and subsequent delivery of the tagged substrates to the proteasome. Recent studies suggest the involvement of the AAA ATPase CDC48, its cofactors, and other ubiquitin binding factors in protein degradation, but how these proteins work together is unclear. Here we show that these factors cooperate sequentially through protein...

Space plasmas are frequently described by kappa distributions. Non-extensive statistical mechanics involves the maximization of the Tsallis entropic form under the constraints of canonical ensemble, considering also a dyadic formalism between the ordinary and escort probability distributions. This paper addresses the statistical origin of kappa distributions, and shows that they can be connecte...

Abstract: We consider in this research how robots can render service by moving by themselves. Our aim is to develop an intelligent escort robot moving along with people so that it can support them in everyday life by interacting with humans. In this paper, we consider the pattern to be used for accompanying people and report on the realization of a mobile robot capable of accompanying a person....

In nonextensive statistical mechanics, two kinds of definitions have been considered for expectation value of a physical quantity: one is the ordinary definition and the other is the normalized q-expectation value employing the escort distribution. Since both of them lead to the maximum-Tsallis-entropy distributions of a similar type, it is of crucial importance to determine which the correct p...

For statistical systems that violate one of the four Shannon-Khinchin axioms, entropy takes a more general form than the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy. The framework of superstatistics allows one to formulate a maximum entropy principle with these generalized entropies, making them useful for understanding distribution functions of non-Markovian or nonergodic complex systems. For such systems where t...

Discharge time (total recovery time) is one determinant of the overall cost of outpatient surgery. We performed this study to determine what factors affect discharge time. Details regarding patients, anesthesia, surgery, and recovery were recorded prospectively for 1088 adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery over an 8-mo period. The contribution of factors to variability in the discharge ...

Out of the study of the general problem of optimization in the presence of many objectives, there is growing a new approach which consists of ranking in order of attractiveness a discret~ set of alternatives on the basis of their performance on a discrete set of specified criteria. There have been two principal lines of investigation of ordering methodologies. The one consists of proceedin~ by ...