Participants in public distributed computing do not find it easy to trust each other. The massive number of parties involved, their heterogeneous backgrounds, disparate goals and independent nature are not a good basis for the development of relationships through purely social mechanisms. This paper discusses the trust management issues that arise in the context of the XenoServer Open Platform:...

The class of string languages obtained by taking the yields of output tree languages of total deterministic macro tree transducers (MTTs) is investigated. The rst main result is that MTTs which are linear and nondeleting in the parameters generate the same class of string languages as total deterministic top-down tree transducers. The second main result is a so called \bridge theorem"; it can b...

This paper describes ICL’s participation at NTCIR-9 RITE. We chose BC & MC subtask. Textual entailment is a problem to predict whether an entailment holds for a given test-hypothesis pair. We built an inference model to solve this problem by means of using dependency syntax analysis (by LTP), lexical knowledge base (e.g. CCD), web information (e.g. Baidupedia) and probability method. We used AU...

Martín Mingorance’s Functional-Lexematic Model (FLM) and Mel’c•uk’s Meaning Text Theory (MTT) are two complementary models of lexical description, which can also be applied to the description of terminological information. The FLM is compatible with general terminology theory because it envisions a lexicon structured onomasiologically in terms of areas of meaning or lexical domains. The MTT is ...

In a number of works, Rudolf Carnap provided ingenious and systematic approaches to the understanding of scientific knowledge (see, for instance, Carnap 1928, 1934, 1947, 1950a, b). As is well known, his proposals faced three important changes: (i) the early phenomenalism of the Logische Aufbau der Welt (Carnap 1928) was replaced by the physicalism of Logische Syntax der Sprache (Carnap 1934); ...

This paper introduces a novel corpus of natural language dialogues obtained from humans performing a cooperative, remote, search task (CReST) as it occurs naturally in a variety of scenarios (e.g., search and rescue missions in disaster areas). This corpus is unique in that it involves remote collaborations between two interlocutors who each have to perform tasks that require the other’s assist...

Clitics are challenging for many theories of grammar because they straddle syntax and morphology. In most theories, cliticization is considered a phrasal phenomenon: clitics are affix-like expressions that attach to whole phrases. Constituency-based grammars in particular struggle with the exact constituent structure of such expressions. This paper proposes a solution based on catena-based depe...

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I discuss the issue of meaning, and the definition of “meaning” in music. I propose that it is a mistake to import the linguistic notion of semantics into a musical context on the grounds that musical communication serves a different function and is of a different nature from linguistic communication, and that there is no evidence to support the suggestion that the two should function in a stro...

undoubtedly the holy quran is a unique book in arabic language, eloquently and rhetorically. its words are a pure collection of arabic literature. all poets, jurisprudents and philosophers believe it as a master art. it is a permanent treasure of arabic and for it many sciences have been generated. it kept the arabic language active and dynamic during ups and downs of the history. it also conta...