in this research, an iterative approach is employed to recognize and classify control chart patterns. to do this, by taking new observations on the quality characteristic under consideration, the maximum likelihood estimator of pattern parameters is first obtained and then the probability of each pattern is determined. then using bayes’ rule, probabilities are updated recursively. finally, when...

in order to assess the satellite data for soil investigation, aster digital data 20 june 2006, field study and phisiochemical properties of soil, were analyzed. all landcover classes including soils are classified based onmorphological and physico-chemical characteristics. images were geocorrected and photomorphic units were selected based upon visual interpretation and sampling in study area. ...

We propose a new method for estimating the probability mass function (pmf) of a discrete and finite random variable from a small sample. We focus on the observed counts--the number of times each value appears in the sample--and define the maximum likelihood set (MLS) as the set of pmfs that put more mass on the observed counts than on any other set of counts possible for the same sample size. W...

In many causal inference problems, one is interested in the direct causal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest that is not mediated by certain intermediate variables. Robins and Greenland (1992) and Pearl (2001) formalized the definition of two types of direct effects (natural and controlled) under the counterfactual framework. The efficient scores (under a nonparametric model) for t...

Matched case-control study designs are commonly implemented in the field of public health. While matching is intended to eliminate confounding, the main potential benefit of matching in case-control studies is a gain in efficiency. Methods for analyzing matched case-control studies have focused on utilizing conditional logistic regression models that provide conditional and not causal estimates...

Although single-species deterministic difference equations have long been used in modeling the dynamics of animal populations, little attention has been paid to how stochasticity should be incorporated into these models. By deriving stochastic analogues to difference equations from first principles, we show that the form of these models depends on whether noise in the population process is demo...