A novel mathematical model has been developed to aid the formulation of emulsion explosives. This mathematical model calculated heat of explosion, oxygen balance and raw material cost as a function of explosive ingredients, and the solution of the mathematical model was obtained by a MS Excel program. The effects of the different content of NH4NO3, NaNO3, H2O, and span-80 and composite fuel oil...

The purpose of this paper is to extend the Green-Naghdi-Rivlin balance of energy method to continua with microstructure. The key idea is to replace the group of Galilean transformations with the group of diffeomorphisms of the ambient space. A key advantage is that one obtains in a natural way all the needed balance laws on both the macro and micro levels along with two Doyle-Erickson formulas....

Cracks are created by massive breakage of molecular or atomic bonds. The latter, in its turn, leads to the highly localized loss of material, which is the reason why even closed cracks are visible by a naked eye. Thus, fracture can be interpreted as the local material sink. Mass conservation is violated locally in the area of material failure. We consider a theoretical formulation of the couple...

This paper focuses on energetic aspects of the dynamics and control of process networks with high material recycle. Two prototype systems are analyzed, for which the large material recycle acts as an energy carrier, leading to a high energy throughput for the entire network. Using singular perturbation arguments, we show that the variables in the energy balance of these networks evolve in the f...

An anaerobic digester receiving food waste collected mainly from domestic kitchens was monitored over a period of 426 days. During this time information was gathered on the waste input material, the biogas production, and the digestate characteristics. A mass balance accounted for over 90% of the material entering the plant leaving as gaseous or digestate products. A comprehensive energy balanc...

One of the important parameters in undercut slopes design is the determination of the maximum stable undercut span. The maximum stable undercut span is a function of slope geometry, the strength parameters of the slope material, condition of discontinuities, underground water condition, etc. However, the desired production capacity and therefore the size of excavating equipment will sometimes a...

A review of field production data reveals that usually, it is very difficult to apply available decline models because of poor quality and often noisy character of initial data and also unrealistic assumptions of the models. This paper tries to introduce applicable procedures to correct initial data and reproduce missed data. Corrected data are analyzed and finally, the results for permeability...

This study aims at performing grain scaled energy balance in mechanically-loaded aluminum polycrystal specimen. Two complementary imaging techniques were used in order to investigate the so-called material thermomechanical behavior: Digital Image Correlation and InfraRed Thermography to investigate respectively the kinematic and the thermal response of the material and, combining these two tech...

The existing field theories are based on the properties of closed exterior forms, which are invariant ones and correspond to conservation laws for physical fields. Hence, to understand the foundations of field theories and their unity, one has to know how such closed exterior forms are obtained. In the present paper it is shown that closed exterior forms corresponding to field theories are obta...