In multi-band frequency compression, the speech spectrum is divided into a number of analysis bands, and the spectral samples in each band are compressed towards the band center by a constant compression factor, resulting in presentation of the speech energy in relatively narrow bands, for reducing the effect of increased intraspeech spectral masking associated with sensorineural hearing loss. ...

For most HVS(Human Visual System) perceptual models, the JND(Just Noticeable Difference) values in highly-textured image regions have little difference with those in edge areas. This is not consistent with the characteristics of human vision. In this paper, an improved method is introduced to give a better content-based perceptual mask than traditional ones using the arrangement of scale-invari...

Clinically, the initial blanching in burn scar seen on transparent plastic face mask application seems to diminish with time and movement requiring mask alteration. To date, studies quantifying perfusion with prolonged mask use do not exist. This study used laser Doppler imaging (LDI) to assess perfusion through the transparent face mask and movement in subjects with and without burn over time....

bioaerosols are the most significant risk for exposed people leads to infectious diseases. this study was aimed at evaluation of physical and microscopic characteristics and submicron particulate filtration efficiency of surgical masks used in hospitals throughout iran. five types of domestic (zist filter, elhamteb and arman masks) and imported (blosom, face masks) surgical masks were tested se...

BACKGROUND Aerosol face mask design and the distance at which the face mask is held from the face affect the delivery of nebulized medication to pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE To measure the inhaled mass of nebulized albuterol with 3 types of pediatric face mask, at 3 different distances from the face, with a model of a spontaneously breathing infant. METHODS We compared a standard pediatric...

BACKGROUND Heat and moisture loss from the respiratory tract during exercise are important triggers of exercise induced asthma. METHODS A new heat and moisture exchange mask has been developed which both recovers exhaled heat and water and has a sufficiently low resistance for use during exercise. The effect of the mask on inspired air temperature was studied in four normal subjects. Eight as...

1 Brandt L. The first reported oral intubation of the human trachea. Anesth Analg 1987;66:1198-9. 2 Drummond GB. Keep a clear airway. BrjAnaesth 1991;66:153-6. 3 Nandi PR, Charlesworth CH, Taylor SJ, Nunn JF, Dore CJ. Effect of general anaesthesia on the pharynx. BrjAnaesth 1991;66:57-162. 4 Hoffstein V, Zamel N. Sleep apnoea and the upper airway. BrJAnaesth 1990;65:139-50. 5 Brain AIJ. The dev...

When a masking picture follows some initial stimulus picture, subsequent memory performance for the stimulus is reduced, even when the mask is delayed by 300 ms following stimulus offset. Such a delay is sufftciently long that all perceptual traces of the stimulus have vanished, and therefore the inferred effect of the mask is to interrupt conceptual as opposed to perceptual processing of the s...

Gradient-based phase-shifting mask (PSM) optimization methods have emerged as an important tool in computational lithography to solve for the inverse lithography problem under the thin-mask assumption, where the mask is considered a thin two-dimensional object. As the critical dimension printed on the wafer shrinks into the subwavelength regime, thick-mask effects become prevalent and thus thes...