The authors studied associations between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and subclinical atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Participants included 3,458 women (average age = 62.6 years) and 3,112 men (average age = 62.8 years) who were free of clinically evident cardiovascular disease. Measurements included ABI, carotid artery intima-media thickness, and coronary artery cal...

abstract determining whether a surah is makki or madani is an effective way to understand the surah and to choose the most desirable interpretative traditions. there are many surahs considered makki and a few ones considered madani. on the other hand, there is another group of surahs which their dating can be disputable. surah al-ra’d should be put in this group. by analyzing the traditions rel...

ibn abi- jumhur ahsa’i, a prominent thinker of the shi’ite sage, who was alive until the early era of the safavid dynasty, can be called “the founder” because of his revolution in the form and method as well as in the theological attitude of shi'ite kalam, and since this revolution is fulfilled through illuminative wisdom, he has to be called “the founder of illuminative shi'ite kalam...

where ε > 0 is very small and Σ ⊂ R is Lipschitz, open and bounded. A point of Σε is denoted by (x, x3) with x ∈ Σ and x3 ∈]− ε 2 , ε 2 [. Let W : M 3×3 → [0,+∞] be the stored-energy function supposed to be continuous and coercive, i.e., W (F ) ≥ C|F | for all F ∈ M and some C > 0. In order to take into account the important physical properties that the interpenetration of matter does not occur...

Ibn Sina is generally known as one of the most important philosophers and physicians, one whose contributions to science and philosophy have attracted numerous studies. This article provides an outline of his philosophy of science which determined the framework for his understanding of natural philosophy. Rather than being of historical interest, the article argues, Ibn Sina's philosophy of sci...

During the 1020s Ibn Sı̄nā wrote a commentary in Arabic on the logical works of Aristotle, as part of his encyclopedia Al-Šifā’ (The Cure). The commentary runs to some 2180 pages in the recent Cairo edition; this figure includes his commentary Madk ̄ al on Porphyry’s Eisagōgē, which he counted as an introduction to Aristotle’s work. Apart from the Madk ̄ al which was translated into Latin in the 1...

Ibn Sina is regarded as one of the greatest physicians, thinkers and medical scholars in the history of medicine. Ibn Sina, a Persian scholar in the medieval era, wrote a famous book of medicine, the Canon of Medicine. The book was adopted as the main textbook of medicine in most Western and Persian universities. In the present critique, we analyzed the functional and anatomic descriptions of t...

This paper proposes a declarative language for knowledge representation (Ibn Rochd), and its environment of exploitation (DeGSE). This DeGSE system was designed and developed to facilitate Ibn Rochd writing applications. The system was tested on several knowledge bases by ascending complexity, culminating in a system for recognition of a plant or a tree, and advisors to purchase a car, for peda...