Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 1-5, Atlanta, GA, and the 2000 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, April 27-30, Chicago, IL. The authors thank Steffen Ganghof, Philip Genschel, Mark Hallerberg, Alex Hicks, William Keech, Dennis Quinn, and the anonymous reviewers and editor ...

Surgeons can now control osteogenesis through local application of BMP-2. BMP’s are osteoinductive proteins that are located in bone matrix and are responsible for embryonic skeletal formation and bone healing. Marshal Urist first coined the term “bone morphogenic protein” over 40 years ago. Recombinant human BMP-2 is an osteoinductive growth factor that has the potential to make autogenous bon...

The first edition of Neurobiology of Learning and Memory described the beneficial impact in several animal species of environmental enrichment and administration of mnemonic drugs on subsequent performance of a variety of learning and memory-intensive tasks. More recently, a great deal of attention has been focused on drug, nutriceutical, and lifestyle interventions capable of enhancing learnin...

Among the developmental anomalies seen in children, few has as broad a spectrum as the exstrophy-epispadias complex which encompasses numerous abnormalities arising in the hind-end of the embryo. Table 1, the scheme proposed by Marshal and Muecke, depicts the developmental relationships of the variations within the complex. One can readily appreciate the multifaceted nature of a syndrome which ...

Cervicogenic headache (CEH) is a headache, but its origin is in the neck. Recently, two cases of intracranial tumour, which unfortunately were originally diagnosed as CEH, were published. The authors felt that this sequence of events demonstrates the insufficiency of the current CEH criteria. We--on the other hand--feel strongly that, on the contrary, this small challenge may have demonstrated ...

urbanization agglomeration that is named jacobs externalities, refers to the role of economic diversification in urban. localization agglomeration, marshal-arrow-romer (mar) externalities, is related to the concentration of firms activated in a special industry within a specified place. the purpose of this research is to explore the impact of different types of agglomeration economies on employ...