We characterize the relationship between distributions of two variables linked by a structural model. then show that, in models heterogeneous firms monopolistic competition, this implies new demand function that we call “CREMR” (Constant Revenue Elasticity Marginal Revenue). This is only one consistent with productivity and sales having same form (whether Pareto, lognormal, or Fréchet) cross se...

Recently developed markup tools for dialogue work are quite sophisticated and require considerable knowledge and overhead, but older tools do not support XML standoff markup, the current annotation style of choice. For the DIAG-NLP project we have created a “lightweight” but modern markup tool that can be configured and used by the working NLP researcher.

In the field of humanities computing, textual documents with markup play a crucial role. A sophisticated document grammar like the TEI is a key component for the creation, editing, analysis and interchange of electronic documents. Document grammars describe the syntax of documents. In recent years, a new area of research called "markup semantics" has emerged, which is concerned with the (formal...

The Extremely Annotational RDF Markup, a.k.a. EARMARK, is an OWL 2 DL ontology that defines document meta-markup. It is an ontologically precise definition of markup that instantiates the structure of a text document as an independent OWL document outside of the text string it annotates, and through appropriate OWL and SWRL characterizations it can define organizations such as trees or graphs a...

To properly encode properties of textual documents using XML, mul­ tiple markup hierarchies must be used, often leading to conflicting markup in encodings. Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Guidelines[1] recognize this problem and suggest a number of ways to incorporate multiple hierarchies in a single well-formed XML document. In this paper, we present a framework for pro­ cessing XPath queries o...

In this paper we would like to introduce some of the best practices of using semantic markup and its significance in the success of web applications. Search engines are one of the best ways to reach potential customers and are some of the main indicators of web sites' fruitfulness. We will introduce the most important semantic vocabularies which are used by Google and Yahoo. Afterwards, we will...

In Japanese culture, your meishi conveys your place in the company, even in society, as well as your name, phone number, and email address. That is to say, in Japan, business cards matter. They convey complex metadata about the people who carry them. Like people, Web pages come in an abundance of shapes and sizes (and sounds). What makes them machine interpretable—and therefore a new medium for...