purpose-the research aims at evaluating the standardization/adaptation of international marketing strategy in iran multinational companies (mncs) based a model in which the impact of external environmental variables on the marketing mix internal variables (i.e. product, promotion, price and place) is considered, while in the previous researches no attempt was done to examine the interdependency...

since the 1970s, services marketing has grown into a major sub discipline of marketing. it is constantly claimed – but is refuted in the article – that services are now the dominant economic activity in developed countries and keeps growing while the two traditional goods sectors, manufacturing and agriculture, are declining. in today's competitive world, having expertise, knowledge and ma...

Nowadays sponsorship is an important part of sports events. Sports sponsorship offers more benefits, more variety and also it’s a more powerful form of marketing. In general, sponsorship holds a unique position in the marketing mix because it is effective in building brand awareness, provides different marketing platforms and valuable networking and hospitality opportunities. Sponsorship market...

This article will argue that, despite customer-centric intent, marketing theory remains trapped in a firm-centric paradigm. How this apparent contradiction has endured is discussed critically with reference to what we see as four influential marketing perspectives. These perspectives are the 4Ps marketing mix, market-based assets, relationship marketing, and customer equity. Apart from the 4Ps ...

This article analyzes the relationship between strategies of standardization and adaptation of the marketing mix and performance in an international context. We carried out a meta-analysis on a sample of 23 studies published between 1992 and 2010. The sample was analyzed based on measures of the effect size (ES) – or the strength of the relation (Wolf, 1986) – between standardization/adaptation...

The study was a case study analysis about Thai Asia Pacific Brewery Company. The purpose was to analyze the company’s marketing objective, marketing strategy at company level, and marketing mix before liquor liberalization in 2000. Methods used in this study were qualitative and descriptive research approach which demonstrated the following results of the study demonstrated as follows: (1) Mark...

The article aims to study green marketing practices and to identify what determines green marketing orientation for a company. A questionnaire-based survey method was adopted for the data collection from 220 companies in India. The data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Further, the proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Product desig...

C spend millions of dollars on advertising to boost a brand’s image and simultaneously spend millions of dollars on promotion that many believe calls attention to price and erodes brand equity. We believe this paradoxical situation exists because both advertising and promotion are necessary to compete effectively in dynamic markets. Consequently, brand managers need to account for interactions ...