to achieve the optimal model for capital asset pricing has always been a central issue in studies of the financial field. in this study we consider fama and french three-factor model augmented by the pastor and stambaugh (2003) liquidity risk factor. unlike most previous studies in this model, stock level beta is allowed to vary with firm-level size and book-to-market value. to verify the above...

Reputation risk as one of the most important risks in any competitive industry and market should be considered before all the risks of the enterprise which also affects other risks. This research aims to review and manage reputation risk in the framework of enterprise risk management. Considering the importance of the subject and lack of available studies in this field, the innovation of presen...

From an economic perspective, interest rates constitute key tools for decision making in the financial sector as they have micro and macro impacts, making its risk management a crucial matter. The LIBOR Market Model (LMM) uses the yield curve of the British interbank rate LIBOR (forward) as its basic input. Unlike models that use instantaneous rates, those involved in the LMM are observable in ...

In a model with endogenous number of innovating firms, we show that whether patent protection increases R&D investment is ambiguous, and depends on the market demand function and the cost of R&D. If the market size increases with number of firms, patent protection reduces R&D investment if the cost of R&D is sufficiently high, and higher product differentiation increases the possibility of lowe...

This paper presents the case for and the evidence in favour of passive investment strategies and examines the major criticisms of the technique. I conclude that the evidence strongly supports passive investment management in all markets—smallcapitalisation stocks as well as large-capitalisation equities, US markets as well as international markets, and bonds as well as stocks. Recent attacks on...

In this thesis, we present interest rate models and a credit risk model, all driven by time-inhomogeneous Lévy processes, i.e. stochastic processes whose increments are independent but in general not stationary. In the interest rate part, we discuss a Heath–Jarrow–Morton forward rate model (the Lévy term structure model), a model for forward bond prices (the Lévy forward price model) and a Libo...

This paper examines the nature of market orientation (MO) in entrepreneurial firms and proposes a conceptual model of market firm interface appropriate to entrepreneur led firms.