in recent century, sustainability has been the most important feature especially in economic, social and environmental issues. so that it has always been the main concern of regional, national and even international planners as the consequent challenges were the main threat to achieving sustainable development of human society. in this study, all aspects of sustainability including environmenta...

indigenous knowledge of each land is the manner of understanding and attitude of people towards world that shows the outcome of ancestors' experiences for years on optimal utilization of resources around human beings. emphasis on technology transition and disregard for indigenous knowledge cause not only destroys the relationship between humans and the environment, but also causes disrupti...

This paper attempts to explain the growth slowdown in Japan as a structural adjustment to the emergence of lower cost producers of manufacture goods. Prior to the 1990s Japan had achieved significant market power and hence profitability in producing various manufacture goods. This profitability led to an allocation of resources towards this sector; indeed, the fraction of resources in the manuf...

Agricultural residues/by-products have become a popular choice for the manufacturing of building materials due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, making them viable option achieving sustainability in construction sector. This study addresses utilisation two agro-wastes, i.e., eggshell walnut shell, manufacture unburnt clay blocks. The experiments were carried out on thr...

The customized multiple arrays are becoming vastly used in microarray experiments for varies purposes, mainly for its ability to handle a large quantity of data and output high quality results. However, experimenters who use customized multiple arrays still face many problems, such as the cost and time to manufacture the masks, and the cost for production of the multiple arrays by costly machin...

Previous economic evaluations for health care have focused mainly on the clinical and pharmacological areas. This paper presents the implementation of a methodology for economic evaluation on technological research. The case of a new prosthetics design for partial foot amputee patients was used for analysis. The aim of this work was to calculate the cost of device manufacture and to separate it...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper examines the strategic environmental assessment (SEA)–sustainability relationship over the past decade, from 2000 to 2010, focusing in particular on the incorporation of sustainability in SEA. A total of 86 papers from the academic literature containing the terms 'sustainability' or 'sustainable development' and 'strategic environmental assessment' were identifi...