Objective(s): It has been suggested that the efficiency of dry poder inhaler (DPI) is generally low. Therefore, the aim of the present research work was to use the solvent treatment of the carrier in DPIformulations to see the possibility of inducing desirable characteristics.   Materials and Methods: Lactose sieve fractions of 63-90 μm were submerged in ethanol or 80% v/v etha...

The failure of antibiotic therapies to clear Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection, the key mortality factor for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, is partly attributed to the high tolerance of P. aeruginosa biofilms. Mannitol has previously been found to restore aminoglycoside sensitivity in Escherichia coli by generating a proton-motive force (PMF), suggesting a potential new strategy to improve ...

The presence of the fermentable sugar d-mannitol in the diet improves nitrogen (N) utilization in rabbits. To clarify the mechanism by which d-mannitol improves N utilization, we studied the effect of d-mannitol on the fate of blood urea N in growing rabbits. Growing rabbits received a control diet or a diet containing d-mannitol, which were formulated by adding 80 g/kg glucose or d-mannitol to...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to mannitol and bronchial inflammation measured as exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and to assess whether asthma control correlates with AHR to mannitol and FeNO in atopic asthmatic children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Allergy evaluation, the mannitol challenge test, FeNO levels and the Asthma Co...

BACKGROUND Medical management of brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a crucial challenge in neurosurgical practice. Depending on the cause, the treatments for brain edema fall into three categories: stabilization of the blood-brain barrier, depletion of brain water and surgical decompression. Although mannitol is the mainstay of hyperosmolar therapy, hypertonic saline (HS) i...

The phosphoenopyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) enables Vibrio cholerae - and other bacteria - to recognize and transport exogenous carbon sources for energy, including the six-carbon sugar alcohol, mannitol. The mannitol-specific PTS transporter is encoded by mtlA and its expression is expected to be regulated by the putative repressor encoded by the mtlR gene. Here, we sho...

BACKGROUND Mannitol is widely used in anesthesia and critical care medicine. Although its clinical effects were originally attributed to osmotic dehydration of brain cells, other mechanisms have also been proposed. Osmotic dehydration of astroglial cells is opposed by powerful volume-regulating mechanisms that involve inward transport of electrolytes. These mechanisms have been studied previous...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are both signal molecules and direct participants in plant defense against pathogens. Many fungi synthesize mannitol, a potent quencher of ROS, and there is growing evidence that at least some phytopathogenic fungi use mannitol to suppress ROS-mediated plant defenses. Here we show induction of mannitol production and secretion in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternar...

Net inward flux of mannitol across toad skin induced by making the outside solution hypertonic with urea has been investigated. No significant relation between net mannitol flux and net Na flux could be detected when both fluxes were measured simultaneously. In addition, the net mannitol flux caused by hypertonic solution was not altered by inhibition of Na transport with ouabain or by replacem...

Production of mannitol from glycerol by resting cells of Candida magnoliae under aerobic condition was investigated. The resting cells were suspended in aqueous solution of glycerol in Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated on rotary shaker. The samples were analyzed by ion exclusion-HPLC equipped with refractive index and UV detector. The resting cells of C. magnoliae produced mannitol from fructose,...