The well-known Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon (MWW) statistic is based on empirical distribution estimates. However, the data are often drawn from smooth populations. Therefore, smoothness characteristic not preserved. In addition, several authors have pointed out that an inadmissible estimate. Thus, in this work, we develop versions of MWW function This approach preserves characteristics and allows eff...

The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (MWW) test statistic, while distribution-free, suffers from a loss of efficacy for certain underlying distributions. In this manuscript, we instead use a data-adaptive weighted generalized Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (AWGMWW) test statistic, one that is optimal in the Pitman Asymptotic Efficacy (PAE) sense, to discern differences in hippocampus shape among twin populations w...

Rosette formation in 154 fresh Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Kenyan children with mild (n = 54), moderate (n = 64), or severe (n = 36) malaria was studied to determine whether the ability to form rosettes in vitro is correlated with malaria severity. There was a wide distribution of rosette frequencies within each clinical category; however, a clear trend towards higher rosette frequency ...

Invasive ductal carcinomas with a non-invasive component (IDC-DCIS) are classified as a group of invasive breast carcinomas, together with pure invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast (IDC). MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been characterized as a factor of breast cancer invasiveness, however the difference in miR-21 expression levels between IDCDCIS and pure IDC tumors and the correlations with stand...

A sensitivity analysis in an observational study determines the magnitude of bias from nonrandom treatment assignment that would need to be present to alter the qualitative conclusions of a naïve analysis that presumes all biases were removed by matching or by other analytic adjustments. The power of a sensitivity analysis and the design sensitivity anticipate the outcome of a sensitivity analy...

A meta-analysis was performed on five studies conducted over the last decade to demonstrate a positive effect for the drug Uro-Vaxom compared with Placebo in double-blind studies in patients with urinary tract infection (601 women), with special reference to the prevention of recurrences over an observation period of 6 months, the treatment being given for the first 3 months. The five studies w...