351 P of mandibular molars is challenging because of the high density of mandibular bone. Anterior dental anchorage is often inadequate to protract even a single first molar without reciprocal retraction of the incisors or movement of the dental midline. Furthermore, if the buccal and lingual cortical plates in the edentulous region have collapsed, safe and effective protraction may be impossib...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of impacted mandibular second molar (MM2) and the association between MM2 impaction and crowding. The clinical significance of the angle between first and second mandibular molar and of the space between the first mandibular molar (MM1) and the anterior margin of mandibular ramus in MM2 impaction were also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospec...

Introduction: The mandibular molar is considered the most difficult tooth to move. In certain clinical situations, it would seem useful to move it backward. Is that feasible? When would it be indicated? Is it successful, and if so how? Material and methods: We first review some fundamental principles and present an update of the literature on mandibular molar distalization, then analyze a retro...

AIM Ectopic eruption (EE) of a first permanent molar occurs during mixed dentition. However, treatment of first permanent mandibular molar EE has been seldom reported. CASE REPORT The cases of an 8-year-old girl and a 7-year-old boy are described, whose EE first permanent mandibular molars were correctly positioned after treatment with a dental appliance comprising a lingual arch, sectional a...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this retrospective study is to find the differentiating characteristics of cystic and cystic-appearing lesions that involve the impacted mandibular third molar by analyzing panoramic radiographs and computed tomography images, and to aid the preoperative diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-one patients who had a mandibular cystic or cystic-appearing lesion that i...

A lack of agreement exists in the literature regarding the anatomical relationship of the mandibular canal to its surrounding structures such as the root apices. The purpose of this investigation was to study the spatial relationship of the mandibular canal to the posterior teeth in dried human mandibles. Twenty-two mature dried mandibles were sectioned through the root apices of the first and ...

The formation of mammalian dentition is one of the most remarkable processes in development and provides a powerful model for studying the epithelialmesenchymal interactions that control patterning and morphogenesis of variety of developmental processes. The tooth development involves a complex series of genetic interactions involving growth factors, transcription factors, signal receptors and ...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate whether multistranded fixed retainers prevented overeruption of unopposed mandibular second molars in maxillary first molar extraction cases. METHODS The panoramic radiographs of 65 Class II Division 1 Caucasian Whites (28 females, 37 males) consecutively treated with bilateral maxillary first molar extraction and the Begg technique, a...