Designing public key encryption schemes withstanding chosen ciphertext attacks, which is the highest security level for such schemes, is generally perceived as a delicate and intricate task, and for good reason. In the standard model, there are essentially three well-known but quite involved approaches. This state of affairs is to be contrasted with the situation for semantically secure encrypt...

In this study, three empirical Free Core Nutation (FCN) models developed to the present time, MHB2000, Malkin’s and Lambert’s ones, are compared on the basis of representation of variations of the FCN amplitude and phase predicted by these models. It is possible to conclude, that the model of the author provides the most realistic representation of the FCN variations. However, the specified mod...

During the 58 years since Muhlens and Hartmann (1906) first reported the cultivation of anaerobic Treponemataceae in vitro, little has been accomplished in classifying these organisms other than by morphological description. A major obstacle to systematic classification has been the difficulty encountered in cultivating these organisms in general and as surface colonies in particular. Breed, Mu...

The oxidation-reduction potential of the reaction-centre chlorophyll of Photosystem I (P700) in spinach chloroplasts was determined by using the ability of the reaction centre to photoreduce the bound ferredoxin and to photo-oxidize P700 on illumination at 20K as an indicator of the oxidation state of P700. This procedure shows that P700 is oxidized with Em (pH8.0)(mid-point redox potential at ...

We initiate a study of garbled circuits that contain both Boolean and arithmetic gatesin secure multiparty computation. In particular, we incorporate the garbling gadgets for arithmeticcircuits recently presented by Ball, Malkin, and Rosulek (ACM CCS 2016) into the multiparty garblingparadigm initially introduced by Beaver, Micali, and Rogaway (STOC ’90). This is the first work that...

We study the communication complexity of single-server Private Information Retrieval (PIR) protocols that are based on fundamental cryptographic primitives in a black-box manner. In this setting, we establish a tight lower bound on the number of bits communicated by the server in any polynomially-preserving construction that relies on trapdoor permutations. More specifically, our main result st...

Synthesis of ribonucleic acids in early embryos has been extensively studied during recent years in a number of laboratories and has been shown to begin shortly after fertilization (Kafiani, Tatarskaya & Kanopkayte, 1958; Wilt, 1963; Brown & Littna, 1964; Decroly, Cape & Brachet, 1964; Glisin & Glisin, 1964; Kafiani & Timofeeva, 1964, 1965; Nemer & Infant, 1965). Early embryos of Xenopus (Brown...

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The study of nonlinear vibrations/oscillations in mechanical and electronic systems has always been an important research area. While important progress in the development of mathematical chaos theory has been made for finite dimensional second order nonlinear ODEs arising from nonlinear springs and electronic circuits, the state of understanding of chaotic vibrations for analogous infinite dim...