Magnetic shape memory properties of Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals were characterized by measurement of stress-induced martensite reorientation under constant magnetic fields. Also magnetic field-induced strain as a function of the applied magnetic field under different constant compressive stress levels has been investigated. All the experiments were performed at room temperature in which the sample...

The rate of pair production of open strings in general uniform electromagnetic fields is calculated in various space-time dimensions. The corrections with respect to the case of pure electric backgrounds are displayed. In particular, a contribution in the form of a Born-Infeld action is derived and its role in the present context emphasized

A primordial magnetic field may be generated during an inflationary period if conformal invariance is broken. We reexamine and generalize previous results about the magnetic field produced by couplings of the form RFμνF μν . We show that the amplitude of the magnetic field depends strongly on n. For adequate values of n the field produced can serve as seed for galactic magnetic fields. We also ...

Basic principles of reducing exposure to electromagnetic fields are reviewed in this article. Measures to reduce exposure can be divided into organisational/administrative and technical/engineering actions. Both strategies are briefly analysed and the basic principles of the theory of shielding are presented. A definition of shielding effectiveness (SE) is given, and the results from the genera...

Directive 2013/35/EU of the European Parliament and Council recommends the weighted peak method for assessing non-thermal effects of low frequency (LF) electric and magnetic fields. This article shows that this method is very practical and user friendly and is absolutely reliable to lead to correct results when applied in the time domain. The method can be used without limitations for any field...

one of the most important advantages of particle simulation as compared to fluid simulation is the capacity for working with and tracing particles. in particle simulations, the test particle method is usually used to get some idea of the behavior of plasma or other substances. in this method, first, a small number of particles are injected into the frame of static electromagnetic fields. then, ...

background: hydatidosis it is a zoonotic disease which is caused by the larval stages of different species of the tapeworms (cestoda) of genus echinococcus. currently, the surgery is most definitive method of treatment for hydatid cyst, but always there is the risk of leakage or rupture during the surgery, therefore it is considered unreliable method. methods: protoscoleces of hydatid cysts wer...

n-sodium acrylate-o-carboxymethyl chitosan [cmch-g-paa(na)] bound fe3o4 nanoparticles were developed as a novel magnetic nanoparticles with an ionic structure that can be potentially used in many fields. cmch-g-paa (na) was obtained by grafting of sodium polyacrylate on o-carboxymethyl chitosan, which is an amphiphilic polyelectrolyte with the biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. a...