Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are frequently caused by tobacco smoking. However, these diseases present opposite phenotypes involving redox signaling at the cellular level. While COPD is characterized by excessive airway epithelial cell death and lung injury, lung cancer is caused by uncontrolled epithelial cell proliferation. Notably, epidemiological studies have...

Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) presents typically with an initializing event, followed by the need for mechanical ventilation. Most animal models of ALI are limited by the fact that they focus on a singular cause of acute lung injury (ALI) and therefore fail to mimic the complex, multifactorial pathobiology of ARDS. To better capture this scenario, we provide a comprehensive ...

OBJECTIVE Pulmonary complications account for significant morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; however, the effect of acute lung injury is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of acute lung injury in a large cohort of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage as well as determine the risk factors for acute lung injury and its effect...

INTRODUCTION Recent study has shown that renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the development of acute lung injury (ALI) with high level of angiotensin II (AngII) generated form AngI catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme. AngII plays a major effect mainly through AT1 receptor. Therefore, we speculate inhibition of AT1 receptor may possibly attenuate the lung injury. Losartan...

BACKGROUND Ventilator-induced lung injury is a form of acute lung injury that develops in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation and has a high degree of mortality. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme that is highly upregulated in ventilator-induced lung injury and exacerbates the injury when given exogenously. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) directly inhibits downstream pa...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the development of acute lung injury outside the intensive care unit. We set out to document the following: the association between predefined clinical conditions and the development of acute lung injury by using the American-European consensus definition; the frequency of lung injury development outside the intensive care unit; and the temporal relationship bet...

Neutrophil activation results in neutrophil adherence and may subsequently cause lung injury through the generation of oxidants, release of granule proteases, and generation of a variety of mediator substances. We hypothesized that inhibition of neutrophil adherence and subsequent lung sequestration would attenuate the lung injury caused by activated neutrophils. Using isolated perfused rat lun...

Background: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are major early complications of lung transplantation associated with increased mortality. Lung after PGD can contribute to renal dysfunction; however, the association between AKI severity has not been thoroughly investigated. We analyzed grading staging, impact on subsequent changes chronic disease (CKD), including glome...

Ischemic-reperfusion lung injury is a factor potentially limiting the usefulness of distant organ procurement for heart-lung transplantation. Toxic oxygen metabolites are considered a major etiologic factor in reperfusion injury. Although oxygen-free radicals may be generated by many mechanisms, we investigated the role of xanthine oxidase in this injury process by using lodoxamide, a xanthine ...

Acute lung injury in humans is characterized histopathologically by neutrophilic alveolitis, injury of the alveolar epithelium and endothelium, hyaline membrane formation, and microvascular thrombi. Different animal models of experimental lung injury have been used to investigate mechanisms of lung injury. Most are based on reproducing in animals known risk factors for ARDS, such as sepsis, lip...