In order to study the spread of poliovirus in the spinal cord of bonnet monkeys, 10(8) TCID50 Mahoney strain of poliovirus was inoculated into the ulnar nerves of monkeys that were subsequently autopsied on days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 15 and 16 postinoculation (p.i.). Virus spread in the spinal cord, the accompanying histopathological changes and paralysis occurred in a cervico-thoraco-lumbar d...

Background and aims: Finding the safe location of spinal cord for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during surgical procedures is very important due to its various nature for each patient as well as its potential peripheral nervous system hazards. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between the location of conus medullaris (CM) and gender, age and body mass index (BMI) in order to minimi...

Transplantation of olfactory bulb-derived olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) combined with step training improves hindlimb locomotion in adult rats with a complete spinal cord transection. Spinal cord injury studies use the presence of noradrenergic (NA) axons caudal to the injury site as evidence of axonal regeneration and we previously found more NA axons just caudal to the transection in OEG- ...

The authors report a rare case of elderly-onset "lumbar spondylotic myelopathy" occurred on a low-placed spinal cord compressed at multiple levels with thickened ligamenta flava. A posterior decompression surgery could alleviate neurological symptoms successfully instead of untethering of the spinal cord, a widely accepted surgery for tethered cord.

1. Be able to identify patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic procedures who are at high risk of spinal cord ischemia. 2. Learn intraoperative management strategies and techniques to decrease the risk of spinal cord ischemia in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic procedures. 3. Learn the indications for lumbar cerebral spinal fluid drainage in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal a...

OBJECTIVE Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair are still complicated by spinal cord ischemia and paraplegia. The aim of the present article is to present the results of an anatomical study conducted by means of both postmortem injection of the vertebral artery and perfusion of the abdominal aorta. METHODS The spinal cord blood supply was investigated in 51 Caucasian cadavers: in 40 cas...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anesthesiologists are reluctant to consider higher levels for spinal anesthesia, largely due to direct threats to the spinal cord. The goal of this study is to investigate, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the distances between the relevant structures of the spinal canal (spinal cord, thecal tissue, etc.) to determine modal anatomical positions for neuraxial anes...

T-cell migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Two-photon intravital microscopy (2P-IVM) has been established as a powerful tool to study cell-cell interactions in inflammatory EAE lesions in living animals. In EAE, central nervous system inflammation is s...

Opiates are the most effective drugs for pain relief. However, the repeated use of opiates induces tolerance to their analgesic effects. It has been shown that this morphine-induced tolerance is associated with apoptosis in the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of riluzole, an anti-glutamatergic drug, on m...

UNLABELLED Application of nucleus pulposus to nerve root generates radicular pain. We demonstrated that these animals showed allodynia for 2 weeks, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunoreactivities were up-regulated in the spinal dorsal horn. COX-2 immunoreactivities were shown in neurons; however, they were not in astrocytes. Intrathecal administration of an antibody to COX-2 decreased allodynia...