This research investigated the effect of three different acids (sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid), on three different clay deposit samples, to recycle used lubricating oil. To achieve this objective, filtration of the used oil was carried out first to remove impurities like: sand, metal chip and other micro impurities using: Buncher funnel, filter papers and vacuum pump. The fi...

This article examines the possibility of measuring lift maintenance through analysis of used hydraulic oil. Hydraulic oils have proved to be a reliable indicator for the maintenance performed on elevators. It has also been proved that the end users or the maintenance personnel do not always conform to the instructions of the elevators’ hydraulic machine manufacturer. Furthermore, by examining t...

Motor vehicles are major sources of primary organic aerosol (POA), which is a mixture of a large number of organic compounds that have not been comprehensively characterized. In this work, we apply a recently developed gas chromatography mass spectrometry approach utilizing "soft" vacuum ultraviolet photoionization to achieve unprecedented chemical characterization of motor vehicle POA emission...

CFCs, HCFCs are stipulated to phase out, and other alternative refrigerants like R134a, are also constrained as a result from their high GWP values. CO2 as a natural working fluid now is used in reciprocating compressors due to its uniquely beneficial properties (ozone depletion potential, ODP=0; global warming potential, GWP =1). However, one remarkable characteristics of the CO2 reciprocating...

Continued legislative pressure to reduce exhaust emissions from CI (compression ignition) has resulted in the development of advanced fuel injection equipment. This advanced injection system produces higher temperatures and pressures at the injector tip, where deposit formation is initiated. In this research, an endurance test was carried out for 250 h on 2 fuel samples; DF (diesel fuel) as bas...

During short term engine operation, renewable fuels derived from vegetable oils, are capable of providing good engine performance. In more extended operations, some of the same fuels can cause degradation of engine performance, excessive carbon and lacquer deposits and actual damage to the engine. Moreover, temperatures in the area of the injector tip due to advanced diesel injection systems ma...

In accordance with worldwide consensus, the use of chlorofluorocarbons, which play an important role in damaging the ozone layer, should be completely abolished by the end of 1995. This provided the impetus for developing the three vane rotary compressor. Formerly CFC-12 was used as the refrigerant in automotive air conditioners, until HFC-134a was substituted for CFC-12. In response to the cha...