A new Schmitt trigger circuit, which consists of low-voltage devices, can receive the high-voltage signal without gate-oxide reliability problem, is proposed. The new proposed circuit, which can operate in a 3.3 V signal environment without suffering high-voltage gate-oxide stress, has been fabricated in a 0.13 μm 1/2.5 V CMOS process. The experimental results show that the measured transition ...

A new quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) circuit topology is proposed for low-voltage and low-power applications. In the proposed circuit, two oscillators with current-reused structure are coupled to each other by two P&N-MOS pairs. In this way, low phase noise quadrature signals are generated with low-voltage and low-power. The simulation is made by Cadence in chartered 0.18 μm CM...

A low-voltage and low-power voltage mode adder/subtractor using MOSFETs in weakinversion is presented in this paper. Since the MOSFETs in the proposed circuit are biased in weak inversion, consequently its power dissipation is very low. The proposed circuit has been simulated with the HSPICE using a N-well 0.35μm 2p4m process and the results show that, under the supply voltage of 1V, the power ...

A new low-power design method based on multiple low swing internal voltage values is proposed in this paper. It can be applied in logic circuits, which are designed with different logic family techniques such as Complementary Pass Transistor Logic (CPL), Domino Logic and Cascade Voltage Switch Logic (CVSL). The goal of this method is the reduction of the circuit power dissipation, with only a n...

We all know that the basic building block of any communication system is the reference voltage generator. The objective of reference generation is to establish a DC voltage or current that is independent of the supply and process and has a well-defined behavior with temperature. Band Gap Reference (BGR) is one of the most popular reference generators. In the conventional BGR circuit, the refere...

Voltage clamps for protecting low-voltage DC circuits require a new approach to circuit design. Many clamps commonly used were built for systems of 5-Volts or higher but lower voltage systems require distinctive clamping abilities. The use very low-voltage precision enhancement-mode MOSFETs play a pivotal role in designing voltage clamps in low-voltage

A low-voltage power supply circuit is developed for micropower CMOS LSI applications, especially for microwatt smart-sensor LSIs. The circuit consists of a switched-capacitor voltage converter and a series regulator. The switched converter lowers battery voltage 1.5–3V to a low voltage of 0.5–0.7V to drive the series regulator, and the series regulator provides LSI logic gates with a power volt...

This paper, electronic resonant ballast for a small photovoltaic powered street lighting system in remote rural area was proposed. The street lighting system was designed for rural area where the electrical transmission line cannot be commonly serviced and it is the cascade systems of the solar arrays, switching battery charger, and electronics ballast with small fluorescent lamp. The ballast i...

In this work, the mechanisms of energy loss in parallel connection of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is explored using two MFC units producing different open circuit voltage (OCV) and current. In open circuit mode, non-Faradaic current flows in low OCV unit, implying energy loss caused by different OCVs in parallelly stacked MFCs. In a stacked MFC in parallel under close circuit mode, it is confir...

Extremely low voltage operation near or below threshold voltage is a key circuit technology to improve the energy efficiency of information systems and to realize ultra-low power sensor nodes. However, it is difficult to operate conventional analog circuits based on amplifier at low voltage. Furthermore, PVT (Process, Voltage and Temperature) variation and random Vth variation degrade the minim...