forward osmosis (fo) has recently drawn attention as a promising membrane based method for seawater and brackish water desalination. in this study, we focus on the use of calciun chloride (cacl2) and potassium bicarbonate (khco3) as inorganic salt draw solution candidates due to their appropriate performance in water flux and reverse salt diffusion as well as reasonable cost. the experiments we...

Reverse osmosis is the most widely used desalination technology for treating irrigation water. removes both monovalent ions detrimental to crops (Na+,Cl?) and divalent beneficial (Ca2+,Mg2+,SO42?). Fertilizer must then be added desalinated water reintroduce these nutrients. Unlike reverse osmosis, selective electrodialysis selectively while retaining in This paper investigates selectivity cost ...