Software routers are becoming an important alternative to proprietary and expensive network devices, because they exploit the economy of scale of the PC market and open-source software. When considering maximum performance in terms of throughput, PC-based routers suffer from limitations stemming from the single PC architecture, e.g., limited bus bandwidth, and high memory access latency. To ove...

For the first time, the 4- and 5-port optical routers are designed by using the West First routing algorithm for use in optical network on chip. The use of the WF algorithm has made the designed routers to provide non-blocking routing in photonic network on chip. These routers not only are based on high speed Mach-Zehnder switches(Which have a higher bandwidth and more thermal tolerance than mi...

A Fast Handover protocol (FMIPv6) in IETF working group is proposed to reduce the handover latency in Mobile IPv6 standard protocol. The FMIPv6 proposes some procedures for fast movement detection and fast binding update to minimize the handover latency. Additionally, to reduce the lost packets caused by a handover, this protocol introduces buffers in access routers. However, the handover laten...

Introduction: The rapid development of wireless telecommunication technologies over the past decades, has led to significant changes in the exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields. Nowadays, people are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, cordless phones, Wi-Fi routers, and power lines. Therefore, th...

Of the many router designs, most can be classified as either oblivious or adaptive, depending on whether the path selection is statically determined based on the network topology, or whether dynamic information about congestion, priorities, or faults is considered. Adaptive algorithms can be broken down into two broad categories as well: minimal or non-minimal. Minimal adaptive algorithms allow...

Given the unpredictable nature of a MANET, routing has emerged as major challenge in recent years. For effective it is necessary to establish both route discovery and best selection from among many routes. The primary focus this investigation on finding path for data transmission MANETs. In research, we provide an efficient technique minimising time spent passing between routers. Here, employ s...

A new method of retiming plesiochronous data is described. This method features latency of less than a cell-time and requires only minimal support circuitry. No flow control or handshaking signals are used, allowing true undirectional signalling between transmitter and receiver. Application areas include communication networks in parallel computers, and general communication network repeaters, ...

We present Orthros, a 128-bit block pseudorandom function. It is designed with primary focus on latency of fully unrolled circuits. For this purpose, we adopt parallel structure comprising two keyed permutations. The round function each permutation similar to Midori, low-energy cipher, however thoroughly revise it reduce latency, and introduce different rounds significantly improve cryptographi...

In the emerging high-speed packet-switched networks, packet scheduling algorithms used in the switches and routers will play a critical role in satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of various applications. The latency bound of a scheduling discipline is an important QoS parameter, especially for real-time playback applications. Frame-based schedulers such as Deficit Round Robin ...