In the present paper, the effect of income elasticity on demand has been considered and the buyer’s optimal special order quantity and optimal time has been determined, when supplier reduces sale price then buyer may offer a discount to push his sale to increase his profit margin. Income elasticity effect in inventory analysis has been introduced to obtain the gain equation to find the optimal ...

A 5-kbp region upstream of the are-ben-cat genes was cloned from Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1, extending the supraoperonic cluster of catabolic genes to 30 kbp. Four open reading frames, salA, salR, salE, and salD, were identified from the nucleotide sequence. Reverse transcription-PCR studies suggested that these open reading frames are organized into two convergent transcription units, salAR...

There are many kinds of automobile after-sale service spare parts, which are with a complex relationship in replacement and a large time span in models. The management of automobile after-sale service spare parts is a challenge, not only for automobile manufacturer but also for distributor. Therefore, it becomes an important and difficult task for automobile enterprises to do well in the supply...

The main objective of this study is to estimate a part of road traffic injury costs including costs due to fatality and disability, which are related to lost social products. Lost output consists of costs, which are related to losses of national product or lost-income in death, hospitalization or physical disabilities. In recent years, the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) has been used as...

In this study production, reproduction, population, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 7 flocks with size 57 to 400 and 721 heads of camels in a cycle of reproduction, during three years from 2011 to 2013 were used to find out of the economic values of important traits in one hump camel in desert areas rearing system. The economic traits that appeared in profit equati...

We establish two previously undocumented patterns in the purchase selections of individual investors and confirm a related pattern. These patterns hinge on investors’ previous experience with a stock. We demonstrate that investors prefer to: (1) repurchase stocks they previously sold for a gain rather than stocks they previously sold for a loss, (2) repurchase stocks that have lost value subseq...

This paper develops a model for the closed-loop supply chain network design with disruption risk. By considering supply disruption, two factors including extra inventory and lateral transshipment are used as resilience strategies. The main purpose is to reduce the supply chain costs due to the location decisions, quantity of products between different levels and lost sale. Disruption in a suppl...

Virtual power plant (VPP) is an effective approach to aggregate distributed generation resources under a central control. This paper introduces a mixed-integer linear programming model for optimal scheduling of the internal resources of a large scale VPP in order to maximize its profit. The proposed model studies the effect of a demand response (DR) program on the scheduling of the VPP. The pro...

We consider the joint pricing and inventory control problem for a single product whose demand distribution in each period is determined both by whether or not a sale price is offered in the current period, and the number of periods since the last time the sale price was offered. We show that optimal inventory ordering policy is a state dependent base stock policy; however, the optimal pricing p...