In this paper, we consider QoS-guaranteed wavelength allocation for WDM networks with limited-range wavelength conversion. In the wavelength allocation, the pre-determined number of wavelengths are allocated to each QoS class depending on the required loss probability. We evaluate the connection loss probability of each QoS class for single-hop and ring networks using continuous-time Markov cha...

Precipitation accumulations, integrated over rainfall events, can be affected by both intensity and duration of the storm event. Thus, although precipitation intensity is widely projected to increase under global warming, a clear framework for predicting accumulation changes has been lacking, despite the importance of accumulations for societal impacts. Theory for changes in the probability den...

conclusions: using these factors, nephrologists may predict the occurrence of graft loss or death. if the probability of graft loss was higher, physicians can decrease the immunosuppressive medications dosage to decrease the incidence of graft loss. patients and methods: fine-gray model was used for 266 cases with post-transplant malignancy in iran. these patients were followed-up from the diag...

Negation of a discrete probability distribution was introduced by Yager. To date, several papers have been published discussing generalizations, properties, and applications negation. The recent work Wu et al. gives an excellent overview the literature motivation to deal with Our paper focuses on some technical aspects negation transformations. First, we prove that independent negations must be...