Mechanical properties of cervical spine ligaments are of great importance for an accurate finite element model when analyzing the injury mechanism. However, there is still little experimental data in literature regarding fresh human cervical spine ligaments under physiological conditions. The focus of the present study is placed on three cervical spine ligaments that stabilize the spine and pro...

PURPOSE The purpose of this 1-year longitudinal study is to investigate the change in flow experience among occupational therapy students (OTS). METHODS In December 2012, we prospectively recruited 97 OTS from the Department of Occupational Therapy, Kibi International University. To assess flow experience in daily life, we used the Flow Experience Checklist. RESULTS The dataset included 87 ...

BACKGROUND The sex composition of existing children has been shown to influence childbearing decision-making and behaviors of women and couples. One aspect of this influence is the preference for sons. In India, where son preference is deeply entrenched, research has normally focused on rural areas using cross-sectional data. However, urban areas in India are rapidly changing, with profound imp...

By analogy with recent arguments concerning the mean velocity profile of wall-bounded turbulent shear flows, we suggest that there may exist corrections to the 3 law of Kolmogorov, which are proportional to (ln Re)-’ at large Re. Such corrections to K41 are the only ones permitted if one insists that the functional form of statistical averages at large Re be invariant under a natural redefiniti...

By analogy with recent arguments concerning the mean velocity profile of wall-bounded turbulent shear flows, we suggest that there may exist corrections to the 2/3 law of Kolmogorov, which are proportional to (ln Re) −1 at large Re. Such corrections to K41 are the only ones permitted if one insists that the functional form of statistical averages at large Re be invariant under a natural redefin...

This article provides theoretical and empirical analyses of a firing costs model with adverse selection. Our theory suggests that, as firing costs increase, firms increasingly prefer hiring employed workers, who are less likely to be lemons. Estimates of re-employment probabilities from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth support this prediction. Unjust-dismissal provisions in U.S. states...

A multiscale model for the evolution of the velocity gradient tensor in turbulence is proposed. The model couples "restricted Euler" (RE) dynamics describing gradient self-stretching with a cascade model allowing energy exchange between scales. We show that inclusion of the cascade process is sufficient to regularize the finite-time singularity of the RE dynamics. Also, the model retains geomet...