Atserias, Galesi, and Pudlák [4] have shown that the monotone sequent calculus MLK quasipolynomially simulates proofs of monotone sequents in the full sequent calculus LK (or equivalently, in Frege systems). We generalize the simulation to the fragment MCLK of LK which can prove arbitrary sequents, but restricts cut-formulas to be monotone. We also show that MLK as a refutation system for CNFs ...

Explicit solutions to the equations of equilibrium in the theory of the elastic rod model for DNA are employed to develop a procedure for finding the configuration that minimizes the elastic energy of a minicircle in a mononucleosome with specified values of the minicircle size N in base pairs, the extent w of wrapping of DNA about the histone core particle, the helical repeat h(0)b of the boun...

A low K-resistant mutant Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line, LK-C1, has been shown previously to lack functional Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) activity, indicating that it may be a useful NKCC "knockout" cell line for structure-function studies. Using immunological probes, we first characterized the defect in the endogenous NKCC protein of the LK-C1 cells and then fully restored NKCC act...

High-potassium diets can improve vascular function, yet the effects of potassium supplementation on ischemic stroke have not been studied. We hypothesized that dietary potassium supplementation would reduce ischemic cerebral infarct size by reversing cerebral artery hypertrophy. Six-week-old male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were fed diets containing 0.79% potassium (LK)...

We study the π-calculus, where the family of names is enriched with pairing, and define a notion of type assignment that uses the type constructor →. We encode the circuits of the calculus X into this variant of π, and show that reduction and type assignment are preserved. Since X enjoys the Curry-Howard isomorphism for Gentzen’s calculus LK, this implies that all proofs in LK have an encoding ...

The ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF) alone or in combination with lymphokines (LK) to induce the in vitro activation of murine macrophages was evaluated. The treatment of C57BL/6 mouse resident peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) with rH-TNF and LK was found to induce the activation of macrophages to a tumoricidal state against P815 mastocytoma cells. Neither rH-TNF nor LK...

We give examples of calculi that extend Gentzen’s sequent calculus LK by unsound quantifier inferences in such a way that (i) derivations lead only to true sequents, and (ii) proofs therein are non-elementarily shorter than LK-proofs.

This paper proves exponential separations between depth d -LK and depth (d + 1 2 )-LK for every d ∈ 1 2 N utilizing the order induction principle. As a consequence, we obtain an exponential separation between depth d -LK and depth (d+1)-LK for d ∈ N . We investigate the relationship between the sequence-size, tree-size and height of depth d -LK-derivations for d ∈ 1 2 N , and describe transform...