This review essay surveys recent literature in the history of science, literary theory, anthropology, and art criticism dedicated to exploring how the artificial life enterprise has been inflected by--and might also reshape--existing social, historical, cognitive, and cultural frames of thought and action. The piece works through various possible interpretations of Kevin Kelly's phrase "life is...

turgenev was born in a respected and wealthy family that had piled up great wealth in feudalism system.he witnessed how his mother treated their workers and gradually developed deep enmity with the system. ivan sergeyevich turgenev published “a sportsman’s notebook” in 1852. he did not see the peasant as properties of the landlords and pictured their characteristics as key elements with realist...

comparing the works of sohrab sepehri, iranian contemporary poet and jibran khalil jibran, arabian contemporary author fits the comparative literature in the american school though no such effects have been observed to exist between these two literary characters. one of the commonalities between these two literary figures is naturalism which has been considered as the utopia in their works. the...

Literature, in addition to its aesthetic and artistic aspects, has always been a reflection of social and cultural realities and characteristics of its respective era and society. Sociological criticism is a relatively modern method in literary criticism. The method studies the structure and content of literary works and their relation to the structures and evolutions of the societies where the...

In its traditional formulation as an explanatory principle, reflexivity means that any object of thought contains in itself the thinking activity that generates it. Applying the concept of reflexivity to the question of financial markets valuation, Soros concludes that economic reality is actively shaped by the perceptions of market participants. This leads him to a theory of investment radical...

traditionalists of european literature in the sixteenth century ad, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth century and invited them to avoid old formats and to define literature and poetry in another way. since then, persian and arabic ...

the writer and professor abdulaziz almaqaleh is considered one of the most contemporary writers of and outside yemen and especially in the field of poetry and literary criticism and teaching university but he also has other literary works and intellectual and political writings and has columns in newspapers and magazines in yemen and other arab countries. he also sang a verse of poetry in vario...

extended abstract 1. introduction the translation of literary works in iran has always been subject to social and political conditions, intellectual tendencies, and dominant ideologies of the related historical period. hence, in each period the translators were inclined to translate specific literary works according to the beliefs and viewpoint of a distinguished political and social group. thu...