jurisprudence, in its strict sense which is binding, is regarded as one of the important sources of law. this article seeks by relying on some judgments issued by general board of administrative justice court concerning the social security organization summarily investigate some deficiencies in performances of the social security organization and administrative justice court. in short, the enac...

We demonstrate the novel and compact implementation of literal gates with one literal window and two literal windows using only resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). The proposed circuit consists of only three RTDs and one resistor for one literal window and four RTDs and one resistor for two literal windows, with the configuration of a series-connected RTD pair and a series-connected RTD and a res...

Metaphor and other forms of non-literal language are essential parts of language which have direct bearing on theories of lexical semantics. Neither narrow theories of lexical semantics, nor theories relying solely on world knowledge are sufficient to account for our ability to generate and interpret non-literal language. This paper presents an emerging approach that may provide such an account...

IMAP4 non-synchronizing literals Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. 1. Abstr...

trope, the use of words in a non-literal sense, is among the topics found in the language and literature of all nations. however, all methods of using words considered as tropes in a language, are not necessarily regarded as such in another language and literature; and occasionally there are similarities and differences among known tropes. in german language and literature 10 types of tropes ar...

The debate on literal meaning in theories of natural language processing has focused on two main issues: (1) Are there conditions by which the literal meaning of a sentence can be appropriately identified?; and (2) Is there some evaluation of literal meaning during the interpretation of natural language utterances? My article, “Literal meaning and psychological theory,” (Gibbs, 1984) attempted ...

This paper provides a binary, token-based classification of German particle verbs (PVs) into literal vs. non-literal usage. A random forest improving standard features (e.g., bagof-words; affective ratings) with PV-specific information and abstraction over common nouns significantly outperforms the majority baseline. In addition, PV-specific classification experiments demonstrate the role of sh...