The optimum formulation for wheat flour (WF)-based biscuits containing the rapeseed press cake (RPC)—the primary by-product of oil production rich in phenolic compounds and different types fats (rapeseed oil, margarine coconut oil)—was estimated using central composite design (CCD) with two factors response surface methodology (RSM). Effects partial substitution WF RPC (0–40 g) a total blend (1...

OBJECTIVES To study associations between diet, respiratory symptoms and allergy among female university students in Japan. METHODS A standardised questionnaire was distributed to students in Kobe and Kamakura (N=153). Multiple logistic/linear regression was applied, controlling for age, smoking, heredity and diet. RESULTS Totally 15.7% reported doctor-diagnosed asthma, 3.3% current asthma m...

milk fat is frequently adulterated to meet the demand which exceeds the supply and to increase profit margins. samples of butter adulterated with different levels (5, 10 and 15% w/w) of margarine were prepared and analysed using different methods including refractive index, iodine, reichert-meissl and polenske values. gc and hplc were utilized to determine fatty acid and tocol profiles of sampl...

It has been suggested that phytosterol and phytostanol esters possess similar cholesterol-lowering properties, however, whether mechanisms responsible are identical has not been addressed. To address this question, cholesterol plasma levels, absorption, biosynthesis, and turnover were measured in 15 hypercholesterolemic subjects consuming prepared diets each over 21 d using a cross-over design....

The objective of the study was to examine if exposure to extra vitamin D from food fortification was associated with a decrease in the risk of preeclampsia. The study was based on a natural experiment exploring the effect of the abolition of the Danish mandatory vitamin D fortification of margarine in 1985. The effect of the extra vitamin D (1.25μg vitamin D/100 g margarine) was examined by com...

Observational epidemiological studies have shown that low carotenoid intake and/or low carotenoid blood levels increase the risk of degenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration. Functional foods enriched with plant sterol or stanol esters may lower serum concentrations of fat-soluble carotenoids. Theoretically, as a result the macular pigment optical density (MPOD), a marker for ...

Consumption of plant sterol- or stanol-enriched margarines by statin users results in an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction of approximately 10 %, which may be larger than the average decrease of 3-7 % achieved by doubling the statin dose. However, whether this effect persists in the long term is not known. Therefore, we examined in patients already on stable statin treatment the effects of 8...