Die Ausbildung zukünftiger Lehrerinnen im Referendariat, der zweiten Phase ihrer Ausbildung, erfolgt im Kontext verschiedener Bezugsgruppen. Dabei kommt der Verortung an einem Studienseminar und an einer Ausbildungschule vor allem in Flächenseminaren wie dem Studienseminar Hamm eine grosse Bedeutung zu. Jede Referendarin ist vier Gruppen zugeordnet: einem Hauptseminar, zwei Fachseminaren und ei...

In contrast with random-primed RACE (1) and RNA-PCR (2) which can be done to amplify respectively specific 5'or 3'-cDNA ends, random-PCR (rPCR) can be used to amplify the whole cDNA population, from 5' to 3' ends, derived from small amounts of RNA transcripts. This quick rPCR method allows construction of whole cDNA libraries from as little as one eukaryotic cell, 100 parasites or bacteria, or ...

The synthesis of structured lipids with nutraceutical applications, such as medium-long-medium (MLM) triacylglycerols, via modification oils and fats represents a challenge for the food industry. This study aimed to synthesize MLM-type dietary triacylglycerols by enzymatic acidolysis cottonseed oil capric acid (C10) catalyzed Lipozyme RM IM (lipase from Rhizomucor miehei) in fluidized bed react...

A thymus-leukemia (TL)-specific probe, pTL1, has been generated from a TL-coding gene of BALB/c mice. Multiple species of TL mRNA were detected in TL+ cells by Northern blot analysis with pTL1, and different Tla haplotypes could be distinguished on the basis of characteristic patterns of TL mRNA. No TL-related message was found in normal or leukemic TL- cells, including thymocytes from Tlab mic...

Short-chain triacylglycerol, tributyrin (glyceryl-sn-1,2,3-tri-butyric acids), was interesterified with palm oil to produce mixtures of structured triacylglycerol (SL-TAG) species as a low-calorie lipid. Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei, known as a 1,3regioselective immobilized lipase, was used as a catalyst. During 24 h reaction, the reaction mixture was analyzed with HypersilBDSCPS high ...

To improve the performance of yeast surface-displayed Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) in the production of human milk fat substitute (HMFS), we mutated amino acids in the lipase substrate-binding pocket based on protein hydrophobicity, to improve esterification activity. Five mutants: Asn87Ile, Asn87Ile/Asp91Val, His108Leu/Lys109Ile, Asp256Ile/His257Leu, and His108Leu/Lys109Ile/Asp256Ile/His257L...

Structured lipids resembling human milk fat (HMF) enriched with omega-3 fatty acids were synthesized by enzymatic acidolysis reactions between tripalmitin, hazelnut oil fatty acids (FA), and omega-3 FA concentrate. Response surface methodology was used to model and optimize the incorporation of omega-3 FA and oleic acid into tripalmitin, in hexane, using immobilized sn-1,3-specific lipase, Lipo...

Structured lipids (SLCTs triacylglycerols with short- and long-chain acyl residues) were synthesized by interesterification of triacetin and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from camellia oil, followed by molecular distillation for purification. Different commercial immobilized lipases (Lipozyme RM IM and Novozyme 435), the substrate molar ratios of FAMEs to triacetin, the reaction temperatures...