Following the discovery of endotoxins by Richard Pfeiffer, such bacterial product was associated to many severe disorders produced by an overwhelming inflammatory response and often resulting in endotoxic shock and multiple organ failure. However, recent clinical and basic sciences investigations claimed some beneficial roles of typical as well as atypical endotoxins. The aim of this paper is t...

1. Structure and Occurrence The envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, including those of human pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, is composed of two distinct lipid membranes: an inner membrane, consisting of glycerophospholipids, and a highly distinctive outer membrane. The latter is an asymmetric bilayer, the outer leaflet of which in most species consists predominantly ...

In the context of global issues concerning pathogen contamination surface and ground waters, this pioneering study describes fabrication screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with polymers molecularly imprinted lipopolysaccharide in an attempt to detect endotoxins derived from specific Gram-negative bacteria. The biosensors detected lipopolysaccharides Pseudomonas Aeruginosa high specificit...