Introduction: The most common surgical procedure performed in the oral cavity is extraction of mandibular third molar, and it has also some complications which include postoperative neurosensory deficits. incidence various deficits after lower molar removal been reported from studies countries. For example, inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury, manifests itself as paresthesia or complete loss s...

Background: Because nerve stimulators are not always available for brachial plexus block, fmding the right injection spot for nerve blocks is important. In this study we used physical examination to determine the appropriate spot for injection. Methods: All patients who were candidates for upper extremity surgery and were either in class ASA I or ASA II, were selected. Paresthesia was elici...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic primary osteomyelitis (CPO) is a rare disease, defined as chronic inflammatory process involving cortical and medullary bone. In the maxillofacial region, it mainly affects mandible, with predilection for females in wide age range, unknown etiology or treatment protocol. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article to report case disease Primary Osteomyelitis, focusing on its ...

objectives: one of the factors predicting language impairments is an early limited lexicon in children. an early limited lexicon can also lead to limited performances in other language areas. this study was aimed to examine receptive and expressive vocabulary in 8-16 month-old children with cleft lip and palate as a predictor of development in other language areas. materials: the macarthur-bate...

Background: Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. It also causes pigmentation of oral mucosa. The present study was aimed to assess the effects of smoking on lip and gingival pigmentation and periodontal status and the relationship between pigmentation and periodontal parameters. Methods: A total of 109 smokers and an equal number of non-smoker controls (mean a...