Control of aftertreatment systems for lean burn technology engines represents a big challenge, due to the lack of on-board emission measurements and the sensitivity of the hardware components to ageing and sulphur poisoning. In this paper, we consider the control and adaptation of aftertreatment systems involving lean NOx trap (LNT). A phenomenological LNT model is presented to facilitate the m...

The current radiation safety paradigm using the linear no-threshold (LNT) model is based on the premise that even the smallest amount of radiation may cause mutations increasing the risk of cancer. Autopsy studies have shown that the presence of cancer cells is not a decisive factor in the occurrence of clinical cancer. On the other hand, suppression of immune system more than doubles the cance...

Residential radon has been found to be associated with lung cancer in epidemiological/ecological studies and the researchers have inappropriately concluded that residential radon causes lung cancer. Their conclusion relates to the linear-no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis-based, risk-assessment paradigm; however, the LNT hypothesis has been invalidated in numerous studies. It is shown in this paper ...

Methods Starting point of the analysis is the Linear Non Threshold (LNT) assumption for radiation stochastic effect [1]: for effective doses (E) below 100 mSv, the probability of future stochastic damage is linearly related to E. This allows to add E from different sources to calculate a cumulative risk of health detriment. Data coming from literature were gathered to determine the average E de...

Asbestos-related health risks have been evaluated on the basis of past experience, when occupational exposures were much higher; while the linear no-threshold (LNT) approach has usually been applied. However, applicability of the LNT dose-response pattern to low levels of asbestos exposure has never been proven. Asbestos-related research has been influenced by vested interests and biases. Furth...

Considering current controversies regarding the health effects of low doses of ionizing radiation, study of the high background radiation areas such as Ramsar, Iran can help scientists better evaluate the validity of linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis. Ramsar is a coastal city in northern Iran with some areas known to have the highest levels of natural background radiation in the world. The m...

Large segments of Western populations hold sciences in low esteem. This trend became particularly pervasive in the field of radiation sciences in recent decades. The resulting lack of knowledge, easily filled with fear that feeds on itself, makes people susceptible to prevailing dogmas. Decades-long moratorium on nuclear power in the US, resentment of "anything nuclear", and delay/refusal to ob...

Metabolic and energetic efficiency, and hence fitness of organisms to survive, should be maximal in their habitats. This tenet of evolutionary biology invalidates the linear-no threshold (LNT) model for the risk consequences of environmental agents. Hormesis in response to selection for maximum metabolic and energetic efficiency, or minimum metabolic imbalance, to adapt to a stressed world domi...

Health risks from asbestos exposures have been evaluated, considering past professional histories when exposures at workplaces were higher than today. A linear no-threshold (LNT) model has been applied, although its relevance is unproven. Fibers are often found in the lungs and pleura of deceased people. Fiber findings do not prove that a disease is caused by asbestos. It is reasonable to assum...