The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity. The receptor plays a critical role in cancer. Using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the IGF-1R, typically blocks ligand binding and enhances down-regulation of the cell-surface IGF-1R. Some MAbs such as cixutumumab are under clinical trial investigation. Targeting multiple distinct...

The purpose of this study was to screen and identify the linear B-cell epitopes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2). The secondary structure and surface properties of EBV LMP2A protein were analyzed. In combination with hydrophilicity, accessibility, flexibility, and antigenicity analysis, and average antigenicity index (AI) of epitope peptide investigation, three pepti...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Linear epitopes on the Goodpasture autoantigen involved in human anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease are not fully defined. This study investigated the linear epitopes recognized by circulating antibodies in anti-GBM patients, aiming to identify the potential nephrogenic linear epitopes and their clinical significance. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEA...

human cytomegalovirus is one of the most common pathogenic viruses all over the world. in congenital infection leads to neurologic severe disorders and even death of fetus and in individuals with immunosuppression may also cause severe clinical symptoms. multiple evidence indicate that among several strategies, epitope-based vaccine (evs) that can induce both humoral and cellular immunity respo...

The identification and epitope mapping of broadly neutralizing anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies (Abs) is important for vaccine design, but, despite much effort, very few such Abs have been forthcoming. Only one broadly neutralizing anti-gp41 monoclonal Ab (MAb), 2F5, has been described. Here we report on two MAbs that recognize a region immediately C-terminal of the 2...

The gamma-aminobutyrate-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15) is a major target of autoantibodies associated with both early and late stages of pancreatic beta-cell destruction and development of type 1 diabetes. We have used five monoclonal anti-islet-cell antibodies (MICAs 1,2,3,4, and 6) derived from a newly diagnosed diabetic patient to ...

A cyclic analogue, [cyclo(87-99)MBP(87)(-)(99)], of the human immunodominant MBP(87)(-)(99) epitope, was designed based on ROESY/NMR distance information and modeling data for linear epitope 87-99, taking into account T-cell (Phe(89), Lys(91), Pro(96)) and HLA (His(88), Phe(90), Ile(93)) contact side-chain information. The cyclic analogue was found to induce experimental allergic encephalomyeli...