the aim of this study was to represent effective componentsin demand chain which help organizations attain high performance levelsthrough identification of these components and determining theirdegree of importance. the following questions were major ideas of thisstudy: what are the most effective components in demand chain? andhow are they effective on organizational performance? to this end,m...

The design of earthquake-resistant buildings starts with defining the maximum lateral earthquake forces or their resultant. The amount of these forces depends on various factors, including coefficient of system behavior which depends on overstrength and its ductility. In this study, a method is presented for designing an earthquake-resistant system in which the distribution of lateral forces is...

Sanitation improvement is crucial in saving lives that are lost due to water contamination. Progress towards achieving full sanitation coverage is still slow in low-income informal settlements in most developing countries. Furthermore, resources are being wasted on installing facilities that are later misused or never used because they do not meet the local demand. Understanding demand for impr...

\ This article presents estimates of the almost Ideal demand system (AIDS) for four food groups_and compares these estimates WI~h the AIDS' own linear approximate versIOn and the linear expenditure system The AIDS IS indirectly nonadditive and has several desirable properties, maklng'lt a Viable demand system for analyzing food commodities Its linear approximate versIOn IS a good first-order ap...

Rooted in structural dynamics theory, three approximate procedures for estimating seismic demands for bridges crossing fault-rupture zones and deforming into their inelastic range are presented: modal pushover analysis �MPA�, linear dynamic analysis, and linear static analysis. These procedures estimate the total seismic demand by superposing peak values of quasi-static and dynamic parts. The p...