A baby is dependent on its primary caregiver (hereafter referred to as 'mother') for its emotional regulation. The development of emotional self-regulation is dependent on the growth and myelinisation of connections between cortical (control) and limbic (emotion) structures in the infant brain. The subcortical sympathetic limbic system is dominant from birth, and it is only at 14-18 months of a...

The epilepsies constitute the third most common serious neurological disorder. Among the more than 40 different types of epilepsy, limbic epilepsy is the single most common and devastating form. Antiseizure drugs provide symptomatic relief, in that they suppress seizures, yet limbic seizures persist in 30–40% of patients and unwanted effects of drugs are common. No disease modifying therapies a...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Historical background 3. Evidence implicating limbic and related structures in the initiation of motor responses 4. The motor control of behavior 5. Limbic-motor interface: a tentative model 6. Experimental evidence in support of the model 6.1. First component: Limbic projections to ventral tegmental area 6.1.1. Anatomical and electrophysiological evidence 6.1.2. Beh...

Neurobiological studies of patients with schizophrenia suggest that abnormalities of both anatomy and function occur in limbic-cortical structures. An anatomical circuit links the functioning of the ventral striatum (i.e., nucleus accumbens) with the hippocampus and other limbic-cortical structures where neurobiological abnormalities have been found. In animals, lesions of limbic-cortical neuro...

In epilepsy, novel pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment approaches are commonly assessed in model systems of acute motor and often generalized seizures. We developed a rodent model with short-term electrical stimulation of the perforant path resulting in stereotyped limbic seizures. Limbic structures play a major role in human intractable epilepsy. In 10 rats, single electrical 5-se...

Previous accounts of mammalian brain allometry have relied largely on data from primates, insectivores and bats. Here we examine scaling of brain structures in carnivores, ungulates, xenarthrans and sirenians, taxa chosen to maximize potential olfactory and limbic system variability. The data were compared to known scaling of the same structures in bats, insectivores and primates. Fundamental p...

Growing evidence shows that dysfunction of the limbic basal ganglia (BG) network is implicated in repetitive behaviors, such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS), in humans. Because deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior subthalamic nucleus (STN), which modulates the sensorimotor BG network, is beneficial in movement disorders, stimulation of the anterior, ...

The cat parahippocampal gyrus, a part of the limbic lobe of Broca 4, includes the subicular and entorhinal areas 14,19. The septum, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus may project fibers directly to these areasl,6-s,15-18, z4 in various animals including cat. Commissural fibers from one entorhinal area pass to the contralateral homotopic cortex 3. These anatomical studies suggest paths from differ...

There is considerable clinical and experimental research to explore the anatamico-functional correlations of the limbic lobe to establish its relevance in modern neuroscience. The insula being a pivotal structure in the concept of the greater limbic lobe, we have attempted to highlight in this review the topographical anatomy and development, the remarkable heterogeneity of the insular cortical...

The limbic system is predominantly involved in memory and emotional output. Its 2 principle components are the hippocampus (involved in memory as part of the Papez circuit) and the amygdala (involved in emotional responses, memories and drives). The principle clinical manifestations of limbic disease are epilepsy, confusional states, and cognitive impairment. The connections of the limbic syste...