the analysis of natural and cultural factors in the contexts of an archeological site would reveal the processes constituting the event of settlement after the formation of cultural layers. in other words with the study of cultural processes, we seek the information and patterns which cause formation, shaping, and unevenness of the site to its present shape. in this regard, the initial studies ...

1. Introduction 1 Many artifacts, such as wheel-produced ceramics, are intended to be axially symmetric. Therefore, the boundaries of their intersections by planes that are perpendicular to the axis of rotation should be perfect circles (we shall use the term " horizontal sections " for these sections). However, these ideally symmetric objects may suffer deformations when still on the wheel, or...

Axes were rare among the Scythians but are occasionally found in Scythian kurgans. Like other weapons, axes had practical as well social and religious roles. The not only placed burials burial gifts, also used them at various stages of funeral ritual. This article considers several hitherto unknown, highly unusual archaeological contexts featuring axes. These show that ritual preceding excavati...

The Early Stone Age archaeological record does not become persistent and widespread until approximately 2.0-1.7 million years ago, when Oldowan sites spread across Africa and ultimately into Eurasia. However, good records of hominin behavior from this important time interval are uncommon. Here we describe recent findings from the two million year old Oldowan site of Kanjera South, on the Homa P...

The Role of Józef Łepkowski in Acquiring the Collections Karol Rogawski and Bolesław Podczaszyński for Krakow Institutions During many years scientific activity, (1826–1894), archaeologist, first Polish professor this discipline protector monuments, looked after collections belonging to Scientific Society (the predecessor Academy Arts Sciences), Jagiellonian University, Czartoryski dukes whom h...

The aim of this paper is to presents preliminary results obtained during a study performed on artifacts made of copper-based alloys in two archaeological sites in Dobrogea, Romania (the two villages of Nufărul and Ibida). An integrated approach makes use of OM, SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR and RAMAN spectroscopy both on surface and polished cross section and revealed the complex multilayered structure of...

In this paper we propose a Web 2.0 Archaeological Knowledge Management System entitled iAKS. Developed using the forthcoming Adobe AIR (Adobe Integrated Runtime), iAKS is intended to be a flexible data entry, data archiving, and data visualization system appropriate for use in a wide variety of archaeological settings. Ultimately iAKS is designed to leverage the strengths of Adobe AIR and other...

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has recently gained a wide acceptance in the archaeological community as a method to quickly and accurately locate buried archaeological features, artifacts, and important cultural and geological strata in the near-surface. The GPR method has now become one of the primary tools for geophysical feature identification primarily because of its three-dimensional abili...

Recent finds of 36 ceramic artifacts from the archaeological site of Vela Spila, Croatia, offer the first evidence of ceramic figurative art in late Upper Palaeolithic Europe, c. 17,500-15,000 years before present (BP). The size and diversity of this artistic ceramic assemblage indicate the emergence of a social tradition, rather than more ephemeral experimentation with a new material. Vela Spi...