New kinds of hydroquinone derivatives were synthesized and along with a azo dye applied as additives in the iodide/iodine redox electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells and their effect on the short-circuit photocurrent of dye sensitized solar cells was investigated. Addition of 0.05 M a hydroquinone derivative in the electrolyte comprising 0.5 M 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII) and...

PURPOSE To determine quantitatively forward light scattering in the human lens as a function of depth. To use this to explain the psychophysical result, verified earlier in vitro, showing total light scattering in the human lens to decrease with scattering angle according to an approximate power law (power -2). METHODS The amount of light scattered by donor lenses (n = 15; age range, 43 to 82...

In this paper we describe the implementation of the QED process γγ → γγ through a fermion loop into the framework of SANC system. The computations of this process takes into account non-zero mass of loop-fermion. We briefly describe additional precomputation modules used for calculation of massive fermion-box diagrams. We present the covariant and helicity amplitudes for this process and also s...

Flow cytometric measurements of light scattering of polystyrene calibration beads revealed remarkable Lissajous-like loops in two-parameter scatter plots. The existence of such loops is shown to be in qualitative agreement with Lorenz-Mie scattering theory of homogeneous spheres. The occurrence of these patterns reflects the extreme particle size dependency of perpendicular light scattering of ...

According to vector scattering and scalar scattering theory, the relationship of BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) of light scattering from micro-rough surface with TIS (total integrated scattering) is analyzed. Roughness statistical characterization such as RMS (root mean square), PSD (power spectral density) function are deduced by TIS of polished surface. Based on the li...

Introduction: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an imaging method in which light source and detector are installed on the head; consequently, re-emission of light from human skin contains information about cerebral hemodynamic alteration. The spatial probability distribution profile of photons penetrating tissue at a source spot, scattering into the tissue, and being released at ...

We present the anisotropic light scattering of individual red blood cells (RBCs) from a patient with sickle cell disease (SCD). To measure light scattering spectra along two independent axes of elongated-shaped sickle RBCs with arbitrary orientation, we introduce the anisotropic Fourier transform light scattering (aFTLS) technique and measured both the static and dynamic anisotropic light scatt...