The encoding of motion events is known to be challenging for second language (L2) users, particularly if the lexicalization patterns their first (L1) diverge from those L2. This paper analyzes oral and written event descriptions produced by advanced L2 users German, an information-dense satellite-framed language. Based on usage error patterns, we discuss six major challenges with respect and, m...

This research aims to investigate the types and factors of code mixing which found in official twitter account BKN (Indonesia National Civil Service Agency) during registration civil servant’s candidate November 2019. Qualitative approach was conducted analyze social mixing. Observation method with writing technique used collect data. Data reduction, data display drawing conclusion are process ...

This paper describes ongoing research on NLG for dialogue systems. Sentence planning is performed by selecting the appropriate template, while previously developed transfer and generation components of a transfer–based MT architecture perform the lexicalization and linguistic realization processes in the generation process. This approach allows for multilingual generation since there is a clear...

Languages differ with respect to the lexicalization of the conceptual distinction between the region SUPERIOR & CONTACT (cf. English on), i.e. in a place which is higher than the place occupied by the landmark and in contact to it, and the region SUPERIOR & NON-CONTACT (cf. English above), i.e. in a place which is higher than the place occupied by the landmark and without contact to it. Both co...

We use a Dynamic Bayesian Network (dbn) to represent compactly a variety of sublexical and contextual features relevant to Part-ofSpeech (PoS) tagging. The outcome is a flexible tagger (LegoTag) with state-of-the-art performance (3.6% error on a benchmark corpus). We explore the effect of eliminating redundancy and radically reducing the size of feature vocabularies. We find that a small but li...

this empirical study reports on a cross-linguistic analysis of the overarching issue of l1 lexicalization regarding two (non)-interventionist approaches to vocabulary teaching. participants were seventy four juniors at the islamic azad university, roudehen branch in tehran. the investigation pursued (i) the impact of the provided (non)-interventionist treatments on both sets of (non)-lexicalize...