OBJECTIVES Crack smoking has increased in Vancouver despite the harms associated with its use. Many people who smoke crack share their equipment, thereby increasing their risk for infectious disease. This project explored the effects of outreach distribution of "safer crack kits" on smoking practices. METHODS Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted, the first prior to kit distribution and ...

Of late online social networks have become popular, with interest spanning various aspects including search, analysis/mining, and their potential use for item barter exchange markets. The idea is that users can leverage their social network for exchanging items they possess with other users. The problem of generating recommendations for item exchanges between users, consisting of synchronous ex...

The study aims to look at the influence of profitability, leverage and gender diversity on carbon emissions disclosure. In this study, samples used were from mining agricultural companies listed Indonesia Stock Exchange in period 2017 2019. Profitability is measured by Returns Asset, Debt Asset Blau heterogeneity index. Carbon disclosure using an checklist containing 18 items related climate ch...

The leverage effect has become an extensively studied phenomenon that describes the (usually) negative correlation between stock returns and volatility. All the previous studies have focused on the origin and properties of the leverage effect. Even though most studies of the leverage effect are based on cross-sectional calibration with parametric models, few of them have carefully studied its e...

Speculative episodes typically involve leverage. For example, the well known tulipmania episode was accompanied by the introduction of foward contracts which allowed speculators to take leveraged positions in tulip bulbs. More recently, the Great Crash of 1929 was exacerbated by leveraged trusts which used leverage to buy stocks. These leveraged trusts could in turn be bought on margin which al...

Abstract Many financial instruments are designed with embedded leverage, such as options and leveraged exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Embedded leverage alleviates investors’ constraints, and, therefore, we hypothesize that lowers required returns. Consistent this hypothesis, find empirically ETFs provide significant amounts of leverage; increases return volatility in proportion to the higher is ...

The purpose of this paper is examining the impact of financial leverage as a mediation variable on the relationship between ownership concentration and financial corporate performance. To test the hypotheses, multiple regression analysis is used. The statistical population of this research is all listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. However, data were available only for 60 companies durin...