Background & Aim: and achieving safe prophylactic and therapeutic procedures is the main aim of the investigators. CpGoligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) which modulate the immune responses and change the cytokine patterns by severalmechanisms are among these procedures.Worldwide increasing number of allergic disorders is one of the most important health challenges,Material and Method: Chenopodium ...

Introduction: IFN-γ is one of the most important cytokines in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD. The IFN-γ promoter methylation at CpG islands could be altered by various chemical and toxic substances which may have a role in the incidence of chronic pulmonary diseases and its severity. Thereby, the present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of sulfur ...

Background and Objective: Here,it is tried to assess an insight behind using IFN-G,IL-2,IL-4,and IL-10 biomarkers as potential surrogate endpoints for skin diseases caused by exposure to mustard gas. Potentially,a biomarker is a valid surrogate if assessment of the treatment effect based on surrogate endpoint leads to the same result based on true clinical endpoint.  Materials and Methods: In S...

Background and Objective: Salmonella typhi as a human pathogen stimulates the human immune system and triggers gene expression changing its pathogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression levels of ifn-γ and tnf-α cytokines in human blood macrophage-like monocytes in dealing with clinical and standard samples of Salmonella typhi in vivo. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sec...

abstract this study examines the relationship between reading anxiety and difficulty of texts as well as the relationship between reading anxiety and students perceived difficulty of the texts. since difficulty is a relative concept, i limited its definition by sticking to the readability formula. we also took students perceived difficulty levels into account. therefore, in the present study, ...

the present study reports an analysis of response articles in four different disciplines in the social sciences, i.e., linguistics, english for specific purposes (esp), accounting, and psychology. the study has three phases: micro analysis, macro analysis, and e-mail interview. the results of the micro analysis indicate that a three-level linguistic pattern is used by the writers in order to cr...

Abstract Background: The annual Hajj pilgrimage to Holy Mecca, brings over two million people together in a small confined area through the world. Respiratory illnesses are the most common afflictions during this ceremony presenting as various clinical syndromes. Several microbiologic, Sero-epidemiologic and Immunologic studies have revealed that most of these syndromes are caused by viral i...

Background and Objectives: Surgery via different mechanisms causes immunosuppression in the post-operative period. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of preoperative administration of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on blood levels of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), white blood cells (WBCs) and lymphocytes. Methods: Seventy-five ma...

abstract this study investigates the teachers’ correction of students’ spoken errors of linguistic forms in efl classes, aiming at (a) examining the relationship between the learners’ proficiency level and the provision of corrective feedback types, (b) exploring the extent to which teachers’ use of different corrective feedback types is related to the immediate types of context in which err...