Studies were undertaken to characterize the mechanism of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity. Early time points in gentamicin treatment (1 to 3 d) were used to investigate the development of toxic events without the complication of gross morphologic cellular alterations. Enzyme activities of cortical homogenates and brush border membrane (BBM) preparations documented little effect on specific...

The present study was performed to examine whether the gentamicin-induced urinary concentration defect is related to an altered regulation of aquaporin (AQP) water channels in the kidney. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with gentamicin (20, 50 or 100 mg/kg per day) for 6 days. The protein expression of AQP1-3 channels and the catalytic activity of adenylyl cyclase were det...

A study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya L. on gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. A control group (Group I, n=12) was compared with rats administrated with 40 mg/kg gentamicin, once daily for 14 days (Groups II, III and IV, n=12 each). The effect of aqueous extract of Carica papaya L. at a dose level of 20...

The electrical potential (delta psi) across the cytoplasmic membranes of Staphylococcus aureus cells growing under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was determined by measuring the equilibrium distribution of [3H]tetraphenyl phosphonium. In conjunction, gentamicin uptake and killing were studied in the same cells under identical conditions. Under aerobic conditions, delta psi was -169 mV, gentam...

Laser interferometry is a measurement technique used in physical sciences, with a potential for new applications in microbiology. Our previously studies, focused on the quantitative analysis of antibiotics diffusion through membranes or their releasing from gel structure, indicate that this method might be useful in analysis of substances diffusion across the bacterial biofilms. As antibiotic -...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Enterococci are important nosocomial agents and serious infections caused by them are often treated with a combination of cell wall inhibitor and aminoglycoside. However, the presence of high level aminoglycoside resistance in these isolates makes this treatment combination ineffective. The prevalence of such isolates in a tertiary care set up has important diagnostic an...

OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetic profile of gentamicin given as a once daily dose as against the conventional twelve hourly dose in preterm neonates. DESIGN Randomized double blind study. SETTING Tertiary level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. SUBJECTS Eighteen preterms admitted during the period January 1994 to May 1994. METHODS The babies were randomly assigned to receive either ...

High-level gentamicin-resistant enterococci present problems in the treatment of infected patients, especially as synergy between penicillin and gentamicin is lost. Previous studies have suggested various risk factors for the acquisition of these enterococci. A case-controlled study was performed on 17 patients infected with resistant enterococci and 26 infected with sensitive strains who atten...