PURPOSE To distinguish various types of childhood severe cryptogenic/idiopathic generalised epilepsy on the basis of reproducible diagnostic criteria, using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). METHODS We applied MCA to a series of 72 children with no evidence of brain damage, starting epilepsy between 1 and 10 years, with two or more types of generalised seizures. We excluded patients wit...

PURPOSE To describe the characteristics and frequency of ophthalmologic findings in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). METHODS The medical records of patients diagnosed with LGS at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 2004 to August 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The records of 34 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 2.66 ± 3.51 years; male, 58.8%) wer...

CHARLES HOWELL,* LENNOX JEFFERS,‡ and JAY H. HOOFNAGLE§ *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ‡Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami School of Medicine, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida; and §Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kid...

This article reviews the ictal and interictal EEG findings associated with a select group of generalized seizures. These include absence seizures, myoclonic seizures seen in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, idiopathic generalized tonic clonic seizures, infantile spasms, and atypical absence, tonic, and atonic seizures associated with the Lennox Gastaut syndrome.

An epileptic girl with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome had seizures triggered specifically by blinking, but not by other eye movements or by photic stimulation. Electrographic and clinical seizures were most reliably precipitated by repetitive blinking produced voluntarily on command, by reflex blinking on corneal stimulation, or by psychogenic triggers of blinking such as social stress or cognitive ef...