BACKGROUND The source inoculum of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbes is largely influenced by delivery mode in full-term infants, but these influences may be decoupled in very low birth weight (VLBW, <1,500 g) neonates via conventional broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. We hypothesize the built environment (BE), specifically room surfaces frequently touched by humans, is a predominant sour...

background: urinary tract infections (utis) are one of the most important bacterial infections among children throughout the world. the study aimed to estimate the cost of hospitalization associated with pediatric utis in kermanshah province for the years of 2013 and 2014. methods and materials: this was a cross sectional and descriptive study. the study subjects included all those aged 20 year...

introduction: renal length as measured on sonography is fundamental in diagnosis & follow up of renal diseases, and there’s increasing use of this kind of examination nowadays. some radiologists believe in the effect of position on renal measurements. regarding the above mentioned facts and in order to compare effect of patient position on sonographic measurement of renal length, this study was...

Chemosensors throughout small bowel and colon inhibit food intakes when contacted by monomeric nutrients. We postulated that calorie-dependent inhibition of food intakes depended on additions of feedbacks from sensors in proximal and distal bowel contacted after high intakes of nutrients. Therefore, we determined how feedback from sensors in proximal gut interacted with feedback from simultaneo...

The highly compartmentalized gut of soil-feeding termites is characterized by pronounced axial dynamics in physicochemical conditions and microbial processes. In a companion paper (D. Schmitt-Wagner, M. W. Friedrich, B. Wagner, and A. Brune, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:6007-6017, 2003), we demonstrated that the variety of physicochemical conditions in the different gut compartments of Cubiterm...

Effective digestion requires propagation of food along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. This process involves coordinated waves of peristalsis produced by enteric neural cell types, including different categories of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Impaired food transport along the gastrointestinal tract, either too fast or too slow, causes a range of gut motility disorders th...

The aim of this experiment was to find out whether or not, at early stages of development, progenitors of the various types of gut endocrine cells are localized to one or more specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Transverse strips of blastoderm two to four somites in length were excised between the levels of somites 5 and 27 in chick embryos at 5- to 24-somite stages and were culture...

BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is associated with several of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes and affects host physiology through distinct mechanisms. The microbiota produces a vast array of metabolites that signal to host cells in the intestine as well as in more distal organs. SCOPE OF REVIEW Enteroendocrine cells acts as 'chemo sensors' of the intestinal milieu by e...