Background and Objectives: In the real world, the obsolescence items are some items that lose their value over time due to the emergence of new technology. Because of rapid changes in technology, inventory management of such items is considered in recent years. Moreover, suppliers try to encourage the retailers for purchasing an item before it is outmoded with some policies suc...

Conventional OFDM transmission system uses a fixed-length Cyclic Prefix to counteract Inter-Symbol Interferences (ISI) caused by channel delay spreading under wireless mobile environment. This may cause considerable performance deterioration when the CP length is less than the channel RMS delay spread, or may decrease the system power and spectrum efficiency when it is much larger. A novel OFDM...

Duration of an event tends to be underestimated as it becomes temporally distant (Spetch & Wilkie, 1983). The current study investigated this so-called choose-short effect in time and length in order to reevaluate the claim that the choose-short effect is special to temporal memory (Wearden, Parry, & Stamp, 2002). Participants made discrimination judgments in time or length on a pair of line st...

introduction: renal length as measured on sonography is fundamental in diagnosis & follow up of renal diseases, and there’s increasing use of this kind of examination nowadays. some radiologists believe in the effect of position on renal measurements. regarding the above mentioned facts and in order to compare effect of patient position on sonographic measurement of renal length, this study was...

in this paper, we introduce hybrid of block-pulse functions and bernstein polynomials and derive operational matrices of integration, dual, differentiation, product and delay of these hybrid functions by a general procedure that can be used for other polynomials or orthogonal functions. then, we utilize them to solvedelay differential equations and time-delay system. the method is based upon ex...

A low delay filter bank for audio coding is presented. The low delay allows to reduce the length of pre-echoes generated by quantization errors. The structure provides perfect reconstruction and a system delay which can be pre-specified independent of the filter length. A robust algorithm for the design of such filter banks is developed. In an explained example for audio coding the length of th...

The equalizer tap length requirement is investigated analytically and numerically for differential modal group delay (DMGD) compensated fiber link with weakly random mode coupling. Each span of the DMGD compensated link comprises multiple pairs of fibers which have opposite signs of DMGD. The result reveals that under weak random mode coupling, the required tap length of the equalizer is propor...

abstract background: critical care patients are at higher risk for untreated pain. pain has persistent and untreated effects on most of the body systems and results in development of complications, chronic pain, and increased length of stay. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of the implementation of a pain management program on the length of stay in patients with decreased leve...