Structures of tree topology are frequently encountered in nature and in a range of scientific domains. In this paper, a multi-step framework is presented to classify tree topologies introducing the idea of elastic matching of their sequence encodings. Initially, representative sequences of the branching topologies are obtained using node labeling and tree traversal schemes. The similarity betwe...

We develop a novel strategy to identify the relative importance of school and neighborhood factors in determining segregation. Using detailed student enrollment residential location data, our research design compares differences composition between adjacent Census blocks served by different schools analogous those schools. Our findings indicate that explain around 62% racial segregation 44% eco...

Our 2005 representative national survey (2,972 interviews) shows an overwhelmingly common and strong religious intolerance towards Western churches that are legally deemed “non-traditional” and are commonly perceived as foreign to Russia. Most Russians would not let Western groups build churches, establish religious schools, or engage in other basic religious activities in their hometowns. West...