Consent transforms an otherwise illegitimate act into a legitimate one. To be valid, however, it must be adequately informed. The legal requirement is vague and provides little assistance in predicting when it will be satisfied. This is particularly so when a patient consents to a procedure and the physician subsequently varies one of the components of that procedure. Using three legal judgment...

the applicability of executing the qiṣāṣ punishment through donation of organs is a novel topic and at the same time influential in safeguarding the blessings of human health and life. the legitimacy of this procedure requires delving into legal views and opinions. the renowned majority of imāmī jurists believe that the procedure of executing punishment in blood-vengeance has no topicality (rel...

We present the current state of affairs regarding legal claims patients after cranioplasty operations who are dissatisfied with treatment effect and have that perioperative course is unfavorable. In period 11 years (2010-2020), 2 were submitted in our neurosurgical center cranioplasty. Both civil claims. One them about purulent infection bone prosthesis was found by judgment to be unfounded. Th...