background: medical graduates should acquire the necessary skills to provide desirable health services. so it is necessary for medical schools to evaluate their students according expected competencies. the aim of present study was to investigate the viewpoints of medical graduates toward their achievement to these expected capabilities. methods: this research was a cross sectional study carrie...

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the system international legal regulators that ensure digital security. author draws attention complexity interpreting content concept "digitalization" and substantiates impossibility constructing a generally accepted definition. paper identifies features digitalization risks. analysis acts ensuring security has been carried out.

journal of law, medicine & ethics Introduction Among the many components of legal preparedness for public health emergencies is the assurance that the public health workforce and its private sector partners are competent to use the law to facilitate the performance of essential public health services and functions.1 This is a significant challenge. Multiple categories of emergencies, stemming f...

Internationalization and increasing globalization of market economy and social patterns of life have created a situation where the need for legal information from foreign countries and from different legal systems is greater than ever before. This requirement is not new, but it is now becoming more and more crucial and hard to meet under the pressure of the rapid and complex cross-border transa...

Background: Medical graduates should acquire the necessary skills to provide desirable health services. So it is necessary for medical schools to evaluate their students according expected competencies. The aim of present study was to investigate the viewpoints of medical graduates toward their achievement to these expected capabilities. Methods: This research was a cross sectional study carrie...

This paper examines the interaction between legal and reputational sanctions in the design of an optimal deterrence regime, particularly in a setting where two parties are engaged in a long-term relationship (a “relational contract” setting). The paper makes three claims. First, both legal and reputational sanctions are costly: legal sanctions require spending resources on litigation while repu...

In the rules of evidence in all legal jurisdictions, medical experts are required to maintain objectivity when providing opinions. When interpreting medical evidence, doctors must recognise, acknowledge and manage uncertainties to ensure their evidence is reliable to legal decision-makers. Even in the forensic sciences such as DNA analysis, implicit bias has been shown to influence how results ...