We herein report the case of a patient who had paradoxical brain embolism owing to a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) who was diagnosed as having a right-to-left shunt by transcranial Doppler (TCD) with saline contrast medium. TCD with saline contrast medium failed to detect any high-intensity transient signals immediately after catheter embolization of the PAVF. Thus, TCD with saline con...

OBJECTIVE Despite that surgical outcomes of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome have improved, one of the problems remaining is the high interstage mortality after a stage I Norwood procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the hemodynamic characteristics of hypoplastic left heart syndrome after a Norwood procedure. We examined the perioperative hemodynamic differences of ...

To cite: Shahizon AMM, Hanafiah M, Hing EY, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2013-200609 DESCRIPTION Children with hydrocephalus are commonly treated with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for diversion of CSF. Unfortunately, complications arising from VP shunting are not uncommon. Apart from shunt blockage and infection, it may become disco...

BACKGROUND The right-to-left shunt at the atrial level is responsible for arterial hypoxemia in patients with atrial septal defect. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the mechanism of arterial hypoxemia in patients with atrial septal defect by measuring the P(O2) in both the right and left upper pulmonary veins. SUBJECTS AND METHOD We prospectively measured the P(O2) in the femoral artery a...

Central vascular blood flows and ventilation were measured in conscious toads (Bufo marinus) at 15 and 25 degrees C. The animals were exposed to hypoxia (Fi(O)(sum)=0.10 and 0.05, where Fi(O)(sum) is the fractional oxygen concentration of inspired air) at both temperatures. In addition, the cardiorespiratory responses to hypercapnia (Fi(CO)(sum)=0.05) and atropine injection (5 mg kg(-)(1); 7.4 ...

A case of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is reported in which surgical correction by anastomosis of the left subclavian artery to the left coronary artery was performed at the age of 6 months. There was a dramatic clinical improvement, and at 22 months repeat angiocardiography disclosed a patent graft and remarkable improvement in left ventricular functio...

Abstract In the undivided ventricle of noncrocodilian reptiles, the blood perfusing the systemic circulation is a controlled combination of oxygenated pulmonary blood, flowing from left to right across the heart, and relatively deoxygenated systemic blood, flowing from right to left. A clear inverse correlation has been experimentally established between metabolic demand and the magnitude of ri...

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects roughly 8/1000 live births. Improvements in medical and surgical management in recent decades have resulted in significantly more children with left-to-right cardiac shunts surviving into adulthood. Surgical care of these patients for their original cardiac defect(s) or other non-cardiac medical conditions requires thorough understanding of cardiopulmonary...