BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson's disease commonly suffer from speech and voice difficulties such as impaired articulation and reduced loudness. Speech and language therapy (SLT) aims to improve the intelligibility of speech with behavioural treatment techniques or instrumental aids. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and effectiveness of novel SLT techniques versus a standard SLT approach...

In 1993, Williamson noted his preference for intertemporal models rather than dynamic models of vertical integration. This paper provides a short review of some of the recent work on governance adaptation. It suggests that while empirical data and methods exist to make headway on the dynamic problems, the theoretical models have not. It concludes that more must be done on the theoretical front ...

Introduction: Laryngeal burns cause long-term voice disorders due to mucosal changes of the vocal folds. Inhalation injuries affect voice production and result in changes in the mucosal thickness and voice quality.   Case Report: A 47-year-old woman was transferred to our department with laryngeal burns sustained during a house fire. On laryngoscopic examination, mucosal waves of both vocal fol...

The effect of the Big Island of Hawai’i on tropical cyclone (TC) track and structure is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The high (;4000 m) mountains of the Big Island modulate lower-tropospheric flow in such a way that it can influence TCs hundreds of kilometers away from the island. When a TC approaches from the east, the blocking of lower-tropospheric flow...

backround laryngopharyngeal reflux (lpr) is the backflow of stomach contents above upper esophageal sphincter, into the pharynx, larynx, and upper aerodigestive system. objectives in this study, effects of omeprazole over voice quality in muscle tension dysphonia with laryngopharyngeal reflux was ınvestigated. patients and methods nine patients, 7 males and 2 females, aged between 27-43 (mean a...

In this issue of Thyroid, Lee and colleagues, at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Korea, prospectively report on the effect of percutaneous injection of the vocalis muscle (injection thyroplasty) in a series of patients with transient and permanent vocal cord paralysis (VCP) after thyroidectomy (1). They attempted to medialize the paralyzed atrophic and lateralized vocalis muscle thro...